refactor(flagd): update build.Dockerfile with buildkit caching

[tranngoclam]

This PR

updates flagd/build.Dockerfile with changes:

• use less layers (from 7 to 2)
• leverage buildkit features: cache (go mod, go build) and bind

Related Issues

Notes

• This change is motivated from the new command of docker: docker init (reference: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/init/#example-of-selecting-go)

Follow-up Tasks

How to test

$ docker build . -f ./flagd/build.Dockerfile -t flagd
[+] Building 17.3s (12/12) FINISHED                                                                                                               docker:orbstack
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                            0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                              0.0s
 => [internal] load build definition from build.Dockerfile                                                                                                   0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 1.74kB                                                                                                                       0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for gcr.io/distroless/static:nonroot                                                                                            0.5s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/golang:1.20-alpine                                                                                        1.2s
 => [builder 1/4] FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.20-alpine@sha256:fd9d9d7194ec40a9a6ae89fcaef3e47c47de7746dd5848ab5343695dbbd09f8c                          0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                            0.0s
 => => transferring context: 8.07kB                                                                                                                          0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1 1/3] FROM gcr.io/distroless/static:nonroot@sha256:9ecc53c269509f63c69a266168e4a687c7eb8c0cfd753bd8bfcaa4f58a90876f                       0.0s
 => CACHED [builder 2/4] WORKDIR /src                                                                                                                        0.0s
 => CACHED [builder 3/4] RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod/     --mount=type=bind,source=./core/go.mod,target=./core/go.mod     --mount=type=bind,s  0.0s
 => [builder 4/4] RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod/     --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build     --mount=type=bind,source=./core,targe  15.9s
 => [stage-1 2/3] COPY --from=builder /bin/flagd-build .                                                                                                     0.0s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                                       0.1s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                      0.1s
 => => writing image sha256:ccfeaee26cdeb83fcdd70408d372f9dc382d028eb53773f062f079bdb6ff4a40                                                                 0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/flagd                                                                                                                     0.0s

$ docker run flagd version

                 ______   __       ________   _______    ______      
                /_____/\ /_/\     /_______/\ /______/\  /_____/\     
                \::::_\/_\:\ \    \::: _  \ \\::::__\/__\:::_ \ \    
                 \:\/___/\\:\ \    \::(_)  \ \\:\ /____/\\:\ \ \ \   
                  \:::._\/ \:\ \____\:: __  \ \\:\\_  _\/ \:\ \ \ \  
                   \:\ \    \:\/___/\\:.\ \  \ \\:\_\ \ \  \:\/.:| | 
                    \_\/     \_____\/ \__\/\__\/ \_____\/   \____/_/     

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #724 (3fd4d2e) into main (06f3d2e) will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #724   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   73.68%   73.68%           
=======================================
  Files          26       26           
  Lines        2603     2603           
=======================================
  Hits         1918     1918           
  Misses        612      612           
  Partials       73       73           

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[toddbaert]

@tranngoclam thanks for this change!