feat(merkle tree): Provide Merkle proofs for tree entries and entry ranges

[slowli]

What ❔

• Enables the Merkle tree to provide proofs for entries. The procedure efficiently handles batched requests.
• Allows to verify range proofs using a streaming approach.

Why ❔

These are preparation steps for snapshot syncing. "Plain" Merkle tree proofs could be used in eth_getProof implementation.

Checklist

• PR title corresponds to the body of PR (we generate changelog entries from PRs).
• Tests for the changes have been added / updated.
• Documentation comments have been added / updated.
• Code has been formatted via zk fmt and zk lint.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 65 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (8df1127) 31.57% compared to head (82e4cf7) 31.74%.
Report is 13 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #119      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   31.57%   31.74%   +0.17%     
==========================================
  Files         477      480       +3     
  Lines       25429    25531     +102     
==========================================
+ Hits         8028     8106      +78     
- Misses      17401    17425      +24     

Files	Coverage Δ
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/domain.rs	93.33% <ø> (+2.02%)	⬆️
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/hasher/nodes.rs	81.94% <ø> (ø)
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/lib.rs	77.50% <ø> (ø)
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/storage/mod.rs	89.74% <100.00%> (-0.58%)	⬇️
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/types/internal.rs	75.00% <ø> (ø)
...e/lib/merkle_tree/tests/integration/merkle_tree.rs	89.71% <100.00%> (+1.17%)	⬆️
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/storage/patch.rs	81.81% <96.15%> (+3.52%)	⬆️
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/storage/proofs.rs	83.09% <66.66%> (-2.16%)	⬇️
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/types/mod.rs	64.28% <64.28%> (ø)
core/lib/merkle_tree/src/errors.rs	59.37% <0.00%> (-13.71%)	⬇️
... and 3 more

... and 6 files with indirect coverage changes

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