feat(deps): install project and dev and test dependencies in devcontainer

[nickpowersys]

Description of changes

• Install uv in development container
• Use uv sync to install project and its dependencies, dev and tests dependency groups, and selected optional dependencies/extras
• Switch the container user to the vscode user
• Give the vscode user ownership and permissions to the uv virtual environment and other directories needed for running uv run pytest -m core
• Enables use of Git within container, so commits can be pushed to/pulled from remote

Issues closed

• Resolves Pre-install dev and core test dependencies in devcontainer container #10532

[github-actions]

ACTION NEEDED

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[cpcloud]

Seems legit, thanks!

[nickpowersys]

I am working on docs, and will finalize them this week. I also have some updates to the container build.