gh-38905: Update the gcc spkg to version 14.2.0 using iains/gcc-14-br…

…anch

    
<!-- ^ Please provide a concise and informative title. -->
<!-- ^ Don't put issue numbers in the title, do this in the PR
description below. -->
<!-- ^ For example, instead of "Fixes #12345" use "Introduce new method
to calculate 1 + 2". -->
<!-- v Describe your changes below in detail. -->
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This PR updates the gcc spkg (and hence the gfortran spkg) to version
14.2.0.  I tested that the spkg builds cleanly on macOS 15.1 (Sequoia)
using XCode 16.1 with both Intel and M1 CPUs.  I also tested that it
builds cleanly on Ubuntu 22.04 using the system gmp and gcc.  The
openblas spkg also builds on all three of those systems, although I
could not determine whether Sage was using the system gfortran or its
own gfortran for building openblas on Ubuntu.

There is a caveat.  The gcc project does not currently have official
support for Apple Silicon.  However, the gcc maintainer for darwin, Iain
Sandoe , maintains a [github site](https://github.com/iains/) containing
gcc source code with "experimental" support for Apple silicon, in
addition to Intel.  This PR uses the
[gcc-14-branch](https://github.com/iains/gcc-14-branch) repository from
that site.  The  spkg fetches the tag [gcc-14.2-darwin-
r2](https://github.com/iains/gcc-14-branch/releases/tag/gcc-14.2-darwin-
r2) as a tarball and names the tarball as gfortran-14.2.0.tar.gz.  The
github api does not support publishing hashes of tag downloads.  So I
downloaded the tag tarball twice and verified that the files were the
same for both downloads.  I used hashes of that file in checksums.ini.

<!-- v If this PR resolves an open issue, please link to it here. For
example, "Fixes #12345". -->
No patches are needed for building on macOS with either CPU or on
Ubuntu.  (cf  PR #38855)


### 📝 Checklist

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- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [x] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

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URL: #38905
Reported by: Marc Culler
Reviewer(s): John H. Palmieri

build/pkgs/_prereq/distros/debian.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ binutils
 make
 m4
 perl
+# flex is needed to build gcc
+flex
 # python3-minimal is not enough on debian buster, ubuntu bionic - it does not have urllib
 # system python for bootstrapping the build
 python3

build/pkgs/_prereq/distros/fedora.txt

@@ -29,3 +29,5 @@ which
 diffutils
 # Needed for openssl 3.0
 perl-IPC-Cmd
+# Needed to build gcc
+flex

build/pkgs/ecm/patches/assembler.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+*** a/x86_64/Makefile.in	Mon Nov  4 14:08:05 2024
+--- b/x86_64/Makefile.in	Mon Nov  4 14:15:46 2024
+***************
+*** 355,361 ****
+  all: all-am
+
+  .SUFFIXES:
+! .SUFFIXES: .asm .lo .o .obj .s
+  $(srcdir)/Makefile.in:  $(srcdir)/Makefile.am  $(am__configure_deps)
+  	@for dep in $?; do \
+  	  case '$(am__configure_deps)' in \
+--- 355,361 ----
+  all: all-am
+
+  .SUFFIXES:
+! .SUFFIXES: .asm .lo .o .obj .sx
+  $(srcdir)/Makefile.in:  $(srcdir)/Makefile.am  $(am__configure_deps)
+  	@for dep in $?; do \
+  	  case '$(am__configure_deps)' in \
+***************
+*** 406,418 ****
+  distclean-compile:
+  	-rm -f *.tab.c
+
+! .s.o:
+  	$(AM_V_CCAS)$(CCASCOMPILE) -c -o $@ $<
+
+! .s.obj:
+  	$(AM_V_CCAS)$(CCASCOMPILE) -c -o $@ `$(CYGPATH_W) '$<'`
+
+! .s.lo:
+  	$(AM_V_CCAS)$(LTCCASCOMPILE) -c -o $@ $<
+
+  mostlyclean-libtool:
+--- 406,418 ----
+  distclean-compile:
+  	-rm -f *.tab.c
+
+! .sx.o:
+  	$(AM_V_CCAS)$(CCASCOMPILE) -c -o $@ $<
+
+! .sx.obj:
+  	$(AM_V_CCAS)$(CCASCOMPILE) -c -o $@ `$(CYGPATH_W) '$<'`
+
+! .sx.lo:
+  	$(AM_V_CCAS)$(LTCCASCOMPILE) -c -o $@ $<
+
+  mostlyclean-libtool:
+***************
+*** 706,713 ****
+  mulredc1_20.asm: mulredc1.m4
+  	$(M4) -DLENGTH=20 $< > $@
+
+! .asm.s:
+! 	$(M4) -I../ -DOPERATION_$* `test -f $< || echo '$(srcdir)/'`$< >$*.s
+  # Nothing here needs the C preprocessor, and including this rule causes
+  # "make" to build .S, then .s files which fails on case-insensitive 
+  # filesystems
+--- 706,713 ----
+  mulredc1_20.asm: mulredc1.m4
+  	$(M4) -DLENGTH=20 $< > $@
+
+! .asm.sx:
+! 	$(M4) -I../ -DOPERATION_$* `test -f $< || echo '$(srcdir)/'`$< >$*.sx
+  # Nothing here needs the C preprocessor, and including this rule causes
+  # "make" to build .S, then .s files which fails on case-insensitive 
+  # filesystems

build/pkgs/gcc/checksums.ini

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-tarball=gcc-VERSION.tar.xz
-sha1=6501872415823c95d48be28853ce3ebd6c1040c4
-sha256=0845e9621c9543a13f484e94584a49ffc0129970e9914624235fc1d061a0c083
-upstream_url=https://mirrors.kernel.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-VERSION/gcc-VERSION.tar.xz
+tarball=gcc-VERSION.tar.gz
+sha1=c25c11e209fbfa795e80e354f8f48f181decd83b
+sha256=23c2a1b2ce01e9d51948339869453229173c6889758137e7e517b545ae8bfc02
+upstream_url=https://github.com/iains/gcc-14-branch/archive/refs/tags/gcc-14.2-darwin-r2.tar.gz

build/pkgs/gcc/package-version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-13.3.0
+14.2.0