Update start timeout for leadership_transfer_test on debug builds

[ballard26]

This PR updates the node start timeout of this test to 60 seconds for debug builds. The need for this change comes from the 500+ partitions this test creates which leads to the node starting up 6 times slower compared to an empty node when on a debug build. This change wasn't needed originally, however, with the update to clang-16 there seems to be a slight performance regression in our debug builds causing the node start time to be right around 20s.

Fixes #11044

Backports Required

• none - not a bug fix
• none - this is a backport
• none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• v23.1.x
• v22.3.x
• v22.2.x

Release Notes

• none

[bharathv]

lgtm once a repeat run passes.

[piyushredpanda]

#10497
#11454
#11276

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v23.1.x

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v22.3.x

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v22.2.x

[vbotbuildovich]

Failed to run cherry-pick command. I executed the commands below:

git checkout -b backport-pr-11472-v22.3.x-778 remotes/upstream/v22.3.x
git cherry-pick -x 45c8c5d24d8717a95637902c036d1a26ffcfa19b

Workflow run logs.

[vbotbuildovich]

Failed to run cherry-pick command. I executed the commands below:

git checkout -b backport-pr-11472-v22.2.x-529 remotes/upstream/v22.2.x
git cherry-pick -x 45c8c5d24d8717a95637902c036d1a26ffcfa19b

Workflow run logs.