ddl: fix a bug that MDL may progress unexpectedly or block forever (#46921)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #46921

Note: this PR is the cherry-pick of https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/pull/47079, it fixes some bugs on 6.5 branch

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #46920 and close #46751

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

1. Check once for every DDL job.
2. Check if waitSchemaChange is returned correctly.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
  Pass the test described in the issue
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

fix a bug that MDL may progress unexpectedly or block forever

[ti-chi-bot]

This cherry pick PR is for a release branch and has not yet been approved by release team.
Adding the do-not-merge/cherry-pick-not-approved label.

To merge this cherry pick, it must first be approved by the collaborators.

AFTER it has been approved by collaborators, please ping the release team in a comment to request a cherry pick review.

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[Benjamin2037]

LGTM

[Benjamin2037]

/retest

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Benjamin2037, zimulala

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• OWNERS [zimulala]

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2023-11-22 03:50:51.857532999 +0000 UTC m=+376280.522759195: ☑️ agreed by Benjamin2037.
• 2023-11-23 09:56:53.753584698 +0000 UTC m=+484642.418810899: ☑️ agreed by zimulala.

[wjhuang2016]

/retest

[wjhuang2016]

/retest

[wjhuang2016]

/retest

[wjhuang2016]

/retest

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (release-6.5@71bcc44). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is n/a.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-6.5     #47068   +/-   ##
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  Coverage               ?   74.0414%           
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  Files                  ?       1087           
  Lines                  ?     352836           
  Branches               ?          0           
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  Hits                   ?     261245           
  Misses                 ?      75071           
  Partials               ?      16520           

[wjhuang2016]

/retest