better cython debugging (#53821)

.gitignore

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 .mesonpy-native-file.ini
 MANIFEST
 compile_commands.json
-debug
+.debug
 
 # Python files #
 ################

doc/source/development/debugging_extensions.rst

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ For Python developers with limited or no C/C++ experience this can seem a daunti
   2. `Fundamental Python Debugging Part 2 - Python Extensions <https://willayd.com/fundamental-python-debugging-part-2-python-extensions.html>`_
   3. `Fundamental Python Debugging Part 3 - Cython Extensions <https://willayd.com/fundamental-python-debugging-part-3-cython-extensions.html>`_
 
-Generating debug builds
------------------------
+Debugging locally
+-----------------
 
 By default building pandas from source will generate a release build. To generate a development build you can type::
 
@@ -27,6 +27,32 @@ By default building pandas from source will generate a release build. To generat
 
 By specifying ``builddir="debug"`` all of the targets will be built and placed in the debug directory relative to the project root. This helps to keep your debug and release artifacts separate; you are of course able to choose a different directory name or omit altogether if you do not care to separate build types.
 
+Using Docker
+------------
+
+To simplify the debugging process, pandas has created a Docker image with a debug build of Python and the gdb/Cython debuggers pre-installed. You may either ``docker pull pandas/pandas-debug`` to get access to this image or build it from the ``tooling/debug`` folder locallly.
+
+You can then mount your pandas repository into this image via:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+   docker run --rm -it -w /data -v ${PWD}:/data pandas/pandas-debug
+
+Inside the image, you can use meson to build/install pandas and place the build artifacts into a ``debug`` folder using a command as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    python -m pip install -ve . --no-build-isolation --config-settings=builddir="debug" --config-settings=setup-args="-Dbuildtype=debug"
+
+If planning to use cygdb, the files required by that application are placed within the build folder. So you have to first ``cd`` to the build folder, then start that application.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+   cd debug
+   cygdb
+
+Within the debugger you can use `cygdb commands <https://docs.cython.org/en/latest/src/userguide/debugging.html#using-the-debugger>`_ to navigate cython extensions.
+
 Editor support
 --------------
 

pandas/_libs/meson.build

@@ -101,12 +101,20 @@ libs_sources = {
     'writers': {'sources': ['writers.pyx']}
 }
 
+cython_args = [
+    '--include-dir',
+    meson.current_build_dir(),
+    '-X always_allow_keywords=true'
+]
+if get_option('buildtype') == 'debug'
+    cython_args += ['--gdb']
+endif
 
 foreach ext_name, ext_dict : libs_sources
     py.extension_module(
         ext_name,
         ext_dict.get('sources'),
-        cython_args: ['--include-dir', meson.current_build_dir(), '-X always_allow_keywords=true'],
+        cython_args: cython_args,
         include_directories: [inc_np, inc_pd],
         dependencies: ext_dict.get('deps', ''),
         subdir: 'pandas/_libs',

pandas/_libs/tslibs/meson.build

@@ -19,11 +19,20 @@ tslibs_sources = {
     'vectorized': {'sources': ['vectorized.pyx']},
 }
 
+cython_args = [
+    '--include-dir',
+    meson.current_build_dir(),
+    '-X always_allow_keywords=true'
+]
+if get_option('buildtype') == 'debug'
+    cython_args += ['--gdb']
+endif
+
 foreach ext_name, ext_dict : tslibs_sources
     py.extension_module(
         ext_name,
         ext_dict.get('sources'),
-        cython_args: ['--include-dir', meson.current_build_dir(), '-X always_allow_keywords=true'],
+        cython_args: cython_args,
         include_directories: [inc_np, inc_pd],
         dependencies: ext_dict.get('deps', ''),
         subdir: 'pandas/_libs/tslibs',

setup.py

@@ -418,6 +418,9 @@ def maybe_cythonize(extensions, *args, **kwargs):
 
     kwargs["nthreads"] = parsed.parallel
     build_ext.render_templates(_pxifiles)
+    if debugging_symbols_requested:
+        kwargs["gdb_debug"] = True
+
     return cythonize(extensions, *args, **kwargs)
 
 

tooling/debug/Dockerfile.pandas-debug

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+FROM ubuntu:latest
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y
+RUN apt-get install -y build-essential git valgrind
+
+# cpython dev install
+RUN git clone -b 3.10 --depth 1 https://github.com/python/cpython.git /clones/cpython
+RUN apt-get install -y libbz2-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev
+RUN cd /clones/cpython && ./configure --with-pydebug && CFLAGS="-g3" make -s -j$(nproc) && make install
+
+# gdb installation
+RUN apt-get install -y wget libgmp-dev
+RUN cd /tmp && wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/sourceware/gdb/releases/gdb-12.1.tar.gz && tar -zxf gdb-12.1.tar.gz
+RUN cd /tmp/gdb-12.1 && ./configure --with-python=python3 && make -j$(nproc) && make install
+RUN rm -r /tmp/gdb-12.1
+
+# pandas dependencies
+RUN python3 -m pip install \
+    cython \
+    hypothesis \
+    ninja \
+    numpy \
+    meson \
+    meson-python \
+    pytest \
+    pytest-asyncio \
+    python-dateutil \
+    pytz \
+    versioneer[toml]
+
+# At the time this docker image was built, there was a bug/limitation
+# with meson where only having a python3 executable and not python
+# would cause the build to fail. This symlink could be removed if
+# users stick to always calling python3 within the container
+RUN ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python

tooling/debug/README

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+The Docker image here helps to set up an isolated environment containing a debug version of Python and a gdb installation which the Cython debugger can work with.
+
+If you have internet access, you can pull a pre-built image via
+
+```sh
+docker pull pandas/pandas-debug
+```
+
+To build the image locally, you can do
+
+```sh
+docker build . -t pandas/pandas-debug -f Dockerfile.pandas-debug
+```
+
+For pandas developers, you can push a new copy of the image to dockerhub via
+
+```sh
+docker push pandas/pandas-debug
+```