ENH: Add DWI shell detection utils

src/eddymotion/data/ds000114_singleshell.bval

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src/eddymotion/data/ds000114_singleshell.bvec

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src/eddymotion/data/ds004737_dsi.bval

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src/eddymotion/data/ds004737_dsi.bvec

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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src/eddymotion/data/hcph_multishell.bval

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src/eddymotion/data/hcph_multishell.bvec

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src/eddymotion/model/dmri_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# emacs: -*- mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
+# vi: set ft=python sts=4 ts=4 sw=4 et:
+#
+# Copyright 2024 The NiPreps Developers <[email protected]>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY kIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# We support and encourage derived works from this project, please read
+# about our expectations at
+#
+#     https://www.nipreps.org/community/licensing/
+#
+import numpy as np
+
+DEFAULT_NUM_BINS = 15
+"""Number of bins to classify b-values."""
+
+DEFAULT_MULTISHELL_BIN_COUNT_THR = 7
+"""Default bin count to consider a multishell scheme."""
+
+DEFAULT_MAX_BVAL = 8000
+"""Maximum b-value cap."""
+
+
+def find_shelling_scheme(
+    bvals,
+    num_bins=DEFAULT_NUM_BINS,
+    multishell_nonempty_bin_count_thr=DEFAULT_MULTISHELL_BIN_COUNT_THR,
+    bval_cap=DEFAULT_MAX_BVAL,
+):
+    """
+    Find the shelling scheme on the given b-values.
+
+    Computes the histogram of the b-values according to ``num_bins``
+    and depending on the nonempty bin count, classify the shelling scheme
+    as single-shell if they are 2 (low-b and a shell); multi-shell if they are
+    below the ``multishell_nonempty_bin_count_thr`` value; and DSI otherwise.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    bvals : :obj:`list` or :obj:`~numpy.ndarray`
+         List or array of b-values.
+    num_bins : :obj:`int`, optional
+        Number of bins.
+    multishell_nonempty_bin_count_thr : :obj:`int`, optional
+        Bin count to consider a multi-shell scheme.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    scheme : :obj:`str`
+        Shelling scheme.
+    bval_groups : :obj:`list`
+        List of grouped b-values.
+    bval_estimated : :obj:`list`
+        List of 'estimated' b-values as the median value of each b-value group.
+
+    """
+
+    # Bin the b-values: use -1 as the lower bound to be able to appropriately
+    # include b0 values
+    hist, bin_edges = np.histogram(bvals, bins=num_bins, range=(-1, min(max(bvals), bval_cap)))
+
+    # Collect values in each bin
+    bval_groups = []
+    bval_estimated = []
+    for lower, upper in zip(bin_edges[:-1], bin_edges[1:], strict=False):
+        # Add only if a nonempty b-values mask
+        if (mask := (bvals > lower) & (bvals <= upper)).sum():
+            bval_groups.append(bvals[mask])
+            bval_estimated.append(np.median(bvals[mask]))
+
+    nonempty_bins = len(bval_groups)
+
+    if nonempty_bins < 2:
+        raise ValueError("DWI must have at least one high-b shell")
+
+    if nonempty_bins == 2:
+        scheme = "single-shell"
+    elif nonempty_bins < multishell_nonempty_bin_count_thr:
+        scheme = "multi-shell"
+    else:
+        scheme = "DSI"
+
+    return scheme, bval_groups, bval_estimated