SQL: Fix JDBC url pattern in docs and error message

The docs pattern url was using `*` which means zero or many instead
of `?` which means zero or one. The pattern url returned in error
messages was not in sync with the one in the docs.

Fixes: elastic#56476

docs/reference/sql/endpoints/jdbc.asciidoc

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Once registered, the driver understands the following syntax as an URL:
 
 ["source","text",subs="attributes"]
 ----
-jdbc:es://[[http|https]://]*[host[:port]]*/[prefix]*<[?[option=value]&]*
+jdbc:es://[[http|https]://]?[host[:port]]?/[prefix]?[?[option=value]&]*
 ----
 `jdbc:es://`:: Prefix. Mandatory.
 

x-pack/plugin/sql/jdbc/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/sql/jdbc/JdbcConfiguration.java

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ public static JdbcConfiguration create(String u, Properties props, int loginTime
 
     private static URI parseUrl(String u) throws JdbcSQLException {
         String url = u;
-        String format = "jdbc:es://[http|https]?[host[:port]]*/[prefix]*[?[option=value]&]*";
+        String format = "jdbc:es://[[http|https]://]?[host[:port]]?/[prefix]?[\\?[option=value]&]*";
         if (!canAccept(u)) {
             throw new JdbcSQLException("Expected [" + URL_PREFIX + "] url, received [" + u + "]");
         }

x-pack/plugin/sql/jdbc/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/sql/jdbc/JdbcConfigurationTests.java

@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ private JdbcConfiguration ci(String url) throws SQLException {
         return JdbcConfiguration.create(url, null, 0);
     }
 
+    public void testInvalidUrl() {
+        JdbcSQLException e = expectThrows(JdbcSQLException.class, () -> ci("jdbc:es://localhost9200/?ssl=#5#"));
+        assertEquals("Invalid URL [jdbc:es://localhost9200/?ssl=#5#], format should be " +
+            "[jdbc:es://[[http|https]://]?[host[:port]]?/[prefix]?[\\?[option=value]&]*]", e.getMessage());
+    }
+
     public void testJustThePrefix() throws Exception {
        Exception e = expectThrows(JdbcSQLException.class, () -> ci("jdbc:es:"));
        assertEquals("Expected [jdbc:es://] url, received [jdbc:es:]", e.getMessage());