mm, mlock, vmscan: no more skipping pagevecs

When a thread mlocks an address space backed either by file pages which
are currently not present in memory or swapped out anon pages (not in
swapcache), a new page is allocated and added to the local pagevec
(lru_add_pvec), I/O is triggered and the thread then sleeps on the page.
On I/O completion, the thread can wake on a different CPU, the mlock
syscall will then sets the PageMlocked() bit of the page but will not be
able to put that page in unevictable LRU as the page is on the pagevec of
a different CPU.  Even on drain, that page will go to evictable LRU
because the PageMlocked() bit is not checked on pagevec drain.

The page will eventually go to right LRU on reclaim but the LRU stats will
remain skewed for a long time.

This patch puts all the pages, even unevictable, to the pagevecs and on
the drain, the pages will be added on their LRUs correctly by checking
their evictability.  This resolves the mlocked pages on pagevec of other
CPUs issue because when those pagevecs will be drained, the mlocked file
pages will go to unevictable LRU.  Also this makes the race with munlock
easier to resolve because the pagevec drains happen in LRU lock.

However there is still one place which makes a page evictable and does
PageLRU check on that page without LRU lock and needs special attention.
TestClearPageMlocked() and isolate_lru_page() in clear_page_mlock().

	#0: __pagevec_lru_add_fn	#1: clear_page_mlock

	SetPageLRU()			if (!TestClearPageMlocked())
					  return
	smp_mb() // <--required
					// inside does PageLRU
	if (!PageMlocked())		if (isolate_lru_page())
	  move to evictable LRU		  putback_lru_page()
	else
	  move to unevictable LRU

In '#1', TestClearPageMlocked() provides full memory barrier semantics and
thus the PageLRU check (inside isolate_lru_page) can not be reordered
before it.

In '#0', without explicit memory barrier, the PageMlocked() check can be
reordered before SetPageLRU().  If that happens, '#0' can put a page in
unevictable LRU and '#1' might have just cleared the Mlocked bit of that
page but fails to isolate as PageLRU fails as '#0' still hasn't set
PageLRU bit of that page.  That page will be stranded on the unevictable
LRU.

There is one (good) side effect though.  Without this patch, the pages
allocated for System V shared memory segment are added to evictable LRUs
even after shmctl(SHM_LOCK) on that segment.  This patch will correctly
put such pages to unevictable LRU.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <[email protected]>
Cc: Jérôme Glisse <[email protected]>
Cc: Huang Ying <[email protected]>
Cc: Tim Chen <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>
Cc: Greg Thelen <[email protected]>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <[email protected]>
Cc: Balbir Singh <[email protected]>
Cc: Minchan Kim <[email protected]>
Cc: Shaohua Li <[email protected]>
Cc: Jan Kara <[email protected]>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <[email protected]>
Cc: Dan Williams <[email protected]>
Cc: Mel Gorman <[email protected]>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <[email protected]>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <[email protected]>

include/linux/swap.h

@@ -337,8 +337,6 @@ extern void deactivate_file_page(struct page *page);
 extern void mark_page_lazyfree(struct page *page);
 extern void swap_setup(void);
 
-extern void add_page_to_unevictable_list(struct page *page);
-
 extern void lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable(struct page *page,
 						struct vm_area_struct *vma);
 

mm/mlock.c

@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ void clear_page_mlock(struct page *page)
 	mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(page), NR_MLOCK,
 			    -hpage_nr_pages(page));
 	count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_PGCLEARED);
+	/*
+	 * The previous TestClearPageMlocked() corresponds to the smp_mb()
+	 * in __pagevec_lru_add_fn().
+	 *
+	 * See __pagevec_lru_add_fn for more explanation.
+	 */
 	if (!isolate_lru_page(page)) {
 		putback_lru_page(page);
 	} else {

mm/swap.c

@@ -445,30 +445,6 @@ void lru_cache_add(struct page *page)
 	__lru_cache_add(page);
 }
 
-/**
- * add_page_to_unevictable_list - add a page to the unevictable list
- * @page:  the page to be added to the unevictable list
- *
- * Add page directly to its zone's unevictable list.  To avoid races with
- * tasks that might be making the page evictable, through eg. munlock,
- * munmap or exit, while it's not on the lru, we want to add the page
- * while it's locked or otherwise "invisible" to other tasks.  This is
- * difficult to do when using the pagevec cache, so bypass that.
- */
-void add_page_to_unevictable_list(struct page *page)
-{
-	struct pglist_data *pgdat = page_pgdat(page);
-	struct lruvec *lruvec;
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&pgdat->lru_lock);
-	lruvec = mem_cgroup_page_lruvec(page, pgdat);
-	ClearPageActive(page);
-	SetPageUnevictable(page);
-	SetPageLRU(page);
-	add_page_to_lru_list(page, lruvec, LRU_UNEVICTABLE);
-	spin_unlock_irq(&pgdat->lru_lock);
-}
-
 /**
  * lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable
  * @page:  the page to be added to LRU
@@ -484,13 +460,9 @@ void lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable(struct page *page,
 {
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
 
-	if (likely((vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED | VM_SPECIAL)) != VM_LOCKED)) {
+	if (likely((vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED | VM_SPECIAL)) != VM_LOCKED))
 		SetPageActive(page);
-		lru_cache_add(page);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (!TestSetPageMlocked(page)) {
+	else if (!TestSetPageMlocked(page)) {
 		/*
 		 * We use the irq-unsafe __mod_zone_page_stat because this
 		 * counter is not modified from interrupt context, and the pte
@@ -500,7 +472,7 @@ void lru_cache_add_active_or_unevictable(struct page *page,
 				    hpage_nr_pages(page));
 		count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_PGMLOCKED);
 	}
-	add_page_to_unevictable_list(page);
+	lru_cache_add(page);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -886,15 +858,55 @@ void lru_add_page_tail(struct page *page, struct page *page_tail,
 static void __pagevec_lru_add_fn(struct page *page, struct lruvec *lruvec,
 				 void *arg)
 {
-	int file = page_is_file_cache(page);
-	int active = PageActive(page);
-	enum lru_list lru = page_lru(page);
+	enum lru_list lru;
+	int was_unevictable = TestClearPageUnevictable(page);
 
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
 
 	SetPageLRU(page);
+	/*
+	 * Page becomes evictable in two ways:
+	 * 1) Within LRU lock [munlock_vma_pages() and __munlock_pagevec()].
+	 * 2) Before acquiring LRU lock to put the page to correct LRU and then
+	 *   a) do PageLRU check with lock [check_move_unevictable_pages]
+	 *   b) do PageLRU check before lock [clear_page_mlock]
+	 *
+	 * (1) & (2a) are ok as LRU lock will serialize them. For (2b), we need
+	 * following strict ordering:
+	 *
+	 * #0: __pagevec_lru_add_fn		#1: clear_page_mlock
+	 *
+	 * SetPageLRU()				TestClearPageMlocked()
+	 * smp_mb() // explicit ordering	// above provides strict
+	 *					// ordering
+	 * PageMlocked()			PageLRU()
+	 *
+	 *
+	 * if '#1' does not observe setting of PG_lru by '#0' and fails
+	 * isolation, the explicit barrier will make sure that page_evictable
+	 * check will put the page in correct LRU. Without smp_mb(), SetPageLRU
+	 * can be reordered after PageMlocked check and can make '#1' to fail
+	 * the isolation of the page whose Mlocked bit is cleared (#0 is also
+	 * looking at the same page) and the evictable page will be stranded
+	 * in an unevictable LRU.
+	 */
+	smp_mb();
+
+	if (page_evictable(page)) {
+		lru = page_lru(page);
+		update_page_reclaim_stat(lruvec, page_is_file_cache(page),
+					 PageActive(page));
+		if (was_unevictable)
+			count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_PGRESCUED);
+	} else {
+		lru = LRU_UNEVICTABLE;
+		ClearPageActive(page);
+		SetPageUnevictable(page);
+		if (!was_unevictable)
+			count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_PGCULLED);
+	}
+
 	add_page_to_lru_list(page, lruvec, lru);
-	update_page_reclaim_stat(lruvec, file, active);
 	trace_mm_lru_insertion(page, lru);
 }
 

mm/vmscan.c

@@ -773,64 +773,7 @@ int remove_mapping(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page)
  */
 void putback_lru_page(struct page *page)
 {
-	bool is_unevictable;
-	int was_unevictable = PageUnevictable(page);
-
-	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(page), page);
-
-redo:
-	ClearPageUnevictable(page);
-
-	if (page_evictable(page)) {
-		/*
-		 * For evictable pages, we can use the cache.
-		 * In event of a race, worst case is we end up with an
-		 * unevictable page on [in]active list.
-		 * We know how to handle that.
-		 */
-		is_unevictable = false;
-		lru_cache_add(page);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * Put unevictable pages directly on zone's unevictable
-		 * list.
-		 */
-		is_unevictable = true;
-		add_page_to_unevictable_list(page);
-		/*
-		 * When racing with an mlock or AS_UNEVICTABLE clearing
-		 * (page is unlocked) make sure that if the other thread
-		 * does not observe our setting of PG_lru and fails
-		 * isolation/check_move_unevictable_pages,
-		 * we see PG_mlocked/AS_UNEVICTABLE cleared below and move
-		 * the page back to the evictable list.
-		 *
-		 * The other side is TestClearPageMlocked() or shmem_lock().
-		 */
-		smp_mb();
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * page's status can change while we move it among lru. If an evictable
-	 * page is on unevictable list, it never be freed. To avoid that,
-	 * check after we added it to the list, again.
-	 */
-	if (is_unevictable && page_evictable(page)) {
-		if (!isolate_lru_page(page)) {
-			put_page(page);
-			goto redo;
-		}
-		/* This means someone else dropped this page from LRU
-		 * So, it will be freed or putback to LRU again. There is
-		 * nothing to do here.
-		 */
-	}
-
-	if (was_unevictable && !is_unevictable)
-		count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_PGRESCUED);
-	else if (!was_unevictable && is_unevictable)
-		count_vm_event(UNEVICTABLE_PGCULLED);
-
+	lru_cache_add(page);
 	put_page(page);		/* drop ref from isolate */
 }