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feat: migrate the libtm repo to tm2/pkg/libtm (gnolang#2424)
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## Description

After thorough discussions with @moul, this PR migrates the repo
contents of [libtm](https://github.com/gnolang/libtm) (currently
private) to the gno monorepo, under `tm2/pkg/libtm`, while preserving
the original git history.

We envision this library being used outside the `gno` repo, and have
thus migrated its original `go.mod`.
Please reference the `README.md` for additional details

Related:
- gnolang#2337 

<details><summary>Contributors' checklist...</summary>

- [x] Added new tests, or not needed, or not feasible
- [x] Provided an example (e.g. screenshot) to aid review or the PR is
self-explanatory
- [x] Updated the official documentation or not needed
- [x] No breaking changes were made, or a `BREAKING CHANGE: xxx` message
was included in the description
- [x] Added references to related issues and PRs
- [ ] Provided any useful hints for running manual tests
- [ ] Added new benchmarks to [generated
graphs](https://gnoland.github.io/benchmarks), if any. More info
[here](https://github.com/gnolang/gno/blob/master/.benchmarks/README.md).
</details>

---------

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Petar Dambovaliev <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
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@dependabot @gfanton
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9 changes: 9 additions & 0 deletions tm2/pkg/libtm/.gitignore
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# MacOS Leftovers
.DS_Store

# Editor Leftovers
.vscode
.idea

# Log files
*.log
201 changes: 201 additions & 0 deletions tm2/pkg/libtm/LICENSE
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Apache License
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19 changes: 19 additions & 0 deletions tm2/pkg/libtm/Makefile
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.PHONY: lint
lint:
golangci-lint run --config golangci.yaml

.PHONY: gofumpt
gofumpt:
go install mvdan.cc/gofumpt@latest
gofumpt -l -w .

.PHONY: fixalign
fixalign:
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis/passes/fieldalignment/cmd/fieldalignment@latest
fieldalignment -fix $(filter-out $@,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) # the full package name (not path!)

.PHONY: protoc
protoc:
# Make sure the following prerequisites are installed before running these commands:
# https://grpc.io/docs/languages/go/quickstart/#prerequisites
protoc --go_out=./ ./messages/types/proto/*.proto
160 changes: 160 additions & 0 deletions tm2/pkg/libtm/README.md
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## Overview

`libtm` is a simple, minimal and compact Go library that implements the Tendermint consensus engine.

The implementation is based on Algorithm 1, of
the [Tendermint consensus whitepaper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.04938.pdf) and
(more broadly) the [official Tendermint wiki](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wiki).

There are some implementation design decisions taken by the package authors:

- it doesn't manage validator sets internally
- it doesn't implement a networking layer, or any kind of broadcast communication
- it doesn't assume, or implement, any kind of signature manipulation logic

All of these responsibilities are left to the calling context, in the form of interface implementations.
The reason for these choices is simple - _to keep the library minimal_.

> [!NOTE]
> We aim to make [libtm](https://github.com/gnolang/libtm) an independent project, both in terms of repository and
> governance. This will be pursued once we have successfully integrated `libtm` with `tm2` and demonstrated that the
> codebase and its API are stable and reliable for broader use. Until this integration is complete and stability is
> confirmed, `libtm` will continue to be improved upon within the current structure, in the gno monorepo.
### What this library is

This library is meant to be used as a consensus engine base for any distributed system that needs such functionality.
It is not exclusively made for the blockchain context -- you will find no mention or assumptions of blockchains in the
source code.

### What this library is not

This library is _not_ meant to replace your entire consensus setup.

As mentioned before, certain design decisions have been taken to keep the source code minimal, which results in the
calling context being a bit more involved in orchestration.

Please, before deciding to utilize this library in your project, understand the different moving parts and their
requirements.

## Installation

To get up and running with the `libtm` package, you can add it to your project using:

```shell
go get -u github.com/gnolang/libtm
```

Currently, the minimum required go version is `go 1.21`.

## Usage Examples

```go
package main

import (
"context"

"github.com/gnolang/libtm/core"
"github.com/gnolang/libtm/messages/types"
)

// Verifier implements the libtm Verifier interface.
// Verifier is an abstraction over the outer consensus calling context
// that has access to validator set information
type Verifier struct {
// ...
}

// Node implements the libtm Node interface.
// The Node interface is an abstraction over a single entity (current process) that runs
// the consensus algorithm
type Node struct {
// ...
}

// Broadcast implements the libtm Broadcast interface.
// Broadcast is an abstraction over the networking / message sharing interface
// that enables message passing between validators
type Broadcast struct {
// ...
}

// Signer implements the libtm Signer interface.
// Signer is an abstraction over the signature manipulation process
type Signer struct {
// ...
}

// ...

func main() {
// verifier, node, broadcast, signer, opts
var (
verifier = NewVerifier()
node = NewNode()
broadcast = NewBroadcast()
signer = NewSigner()
)

tm := core.NewTendermint(
verifier,
node,
broadcast,
signer,
)

height := uint64(1)
ctx, cancelFn := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

go func() {
// Run the consensus sequence for the given height.
// When the method returns the finalized proposal, that means that
// consensus was reached within the given height (in any round)
finalizedProposal := tm.RunSequence(ctx, height)

// Use the finalized proposal
// ...
}()

go func() {
// Pipe messages into the consensus engine
var proposalMessage *types.ProposalMessage

if err := tm.AddProposalMessage(proposalMessage); err != nil {
// ...
}

// ...

var prevoteMessage *types.PrevoteMessage

if err := tm.AddPrevoteMessage(prevoteMessage); err != nil {
// ...
}

// ...

var precommitMessage *types.PrecommitMessage

if err := tm.AddPrecommitMessage(precommitMessage); err != nil {
// ...
}
}()

// ...

// Stop the sequence at any time by cancelling the context
cancelFn()
}

```

### Additional Options

You can utilize additional options when creating the `Tendermint` consensus engine instance:

- `WithLogger` - specifies the logger for the Tendermint consensus engine (slog)
- `WithProposeTimeout` specifies the propose state timeout
- `WithPrevoteTimeout` specifies the prevote state timeout
- `WithPrecommitTimeout` specifies the precommit state timeout
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