bug(forge script): running script with --broadcast for a transaction sequence can error out due to nonce desync from rpc latency

[pogobounce]

Component

Forge

Have you ensured that all of these are up to date?

• Foundry
• Foundryup

What version of Foundry are you on?

forge 0.2.0 (a17869a 2024-10-09T00:24:42.688171700Z)

What command(s) is the bug in?

forge script

Operating System

Windows

Describe the bug

On some chains with fast block times and/or relatively high latency providers, running a deployment script with --broadcast that sends a sequence of transactions can lead to the script failing, as the RPC will report an older transaction count for the EOA.

Examples of affected chains: Gnosis Mainnet, Arbitrum Sepolia. I'm sure there's others out there, or will be.

Note; --slow doesn't fix/alleviate the error for me, either.

Basic example script

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import "forge-std/Script.sol";

contract Test is Script {

    function run() public {

        uint256 privateKey = vm.envUint("PRIVATE_KEY");

        vm.startBroadcast(privateKey);

        for (uint256 i; i < 20; ++i) {                                              // sequence of 20 txs
            (bool success,) = 0x980B62Da83eFf3D4576C647993b0c1D7faf17c73.call("");  // WETH on Arb Sepolia
            require(success);
        }
        
        vm.stopBroadcast();
    }

}

Command

forge script ./script/Test.s.sol --rpc-url https://arbitrum-sepolia.infura.io/v3/<INFURA_KEY> --broadcast

Output

[⠒] Compiling...
[⠑] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.24
[⠘] Solc 0.8.24 finished in 1.54s
Compiler run successful!
Script ran successfully.

## Setting up 1 EVM.

==========================

Chain 421614

Estimated gas price: 0.200000001 gwei

Estimated total gas used for script: 1209620

Estimated amount required: 0.00024192400120962 ETH

==========================

##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: <0x....>
Block: 87738608
Paid: 0.0000042713 ETH (42713 gas * 0.1 gwei)


Transactions saved to: <...>

Sensitive values saved to: <...>

Error:
Failed to send transaction

Context:
- EOA nonce changed unexpectedly while sending transactions. Expected 132 got 131 from provider.

Sometimes it sends just one transaction before failing, sometimes it sends more, but invariably it fails before finishing the sequence.

[yash-atreya]

Can you try using the --slow flag? It should mitigate this issue and maintain correct nonce as using the --slow flag sequentially broadcasts the transaction.

[EDIT: --slow doesn't work]

[pogobounce]

Can you try using the --slow flag? It should mitigate this issue and maintain correct nonce as using the --slow flag sequentially broadcasts the transaction.

I mentioned in the issue, --slow doesn't work

forge script ./script/Test.s.sol --rpc-url https://arbitrum-sepolia.infura.io/v3/... --broadcast --slow
[⠊] Compiling...
No files changed, compilation skipped
Script ran successfully.

## Setting up 1 EVM.

==========================

Chain 421614

Estimated gas price: 0.200000001 gwei

Estimated total gas used for script: 1137520

Estimated amount required: 0.00022750400113752 ETH

==========================

##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776017
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
##### arbitrum-sepolia                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776029
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)


##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776035
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)


##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776049
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)


##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776054
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)


##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776059
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)


##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776064
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)


##### arbitrum-sepolia
✅  [Success]Hash: ...
Block: 87776068
Paid: 0.0000040733 ETH (40733 gas * 0.1 gwei)


Transactions saved to: ...

Sensitive values saved to: ...

Error: 
Failed to send transaction

Context:
- EOA nonce changed unexpectedly while sending transactions. Expected 168 got 167 from provider.