-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
{% include list.liquid all=true %}
Parameters of the Standard Model
Symbol Description Renormalization
scheme (point) Value Experimental
uncertainty
1. me | Electron mass | | 510.9989461 keV | ±3.1 meV
2. mμ | Muon mass | | 105.6583745 MeV | ±2.4 eV
3. mτ | Tau mass | | 1.77686 GeV | ±0.12 MeV
4. mu | Up quark mass | μMS = 2 GeV | 2.16 MeV | +0.49 −0.26 MeV
5. md | Down quark mass | μMS = 2 GeV | 4.67 MeV | +0.48 −0.17 MeV
6. ms | Strange quark mass | μMS = 2 GeV | 93.4 MeV | +8.6 −3.4 MeV
7. mc | Charm quark mass | μMS = mc | 1.27 GeV | ±0.02 GeV
8. mb | Bottom quark mass | μMS = mb | 4.18 GeV | +0.03 −0.02 GeV
9. mt | Top quark mass | On-shell scheme | 172.69 GeV | ±0.30 GeV
10. θ12 | CKM 12-mixing angle | | 13.1° |
11. θ23 | CKM 23-mixing angle | | 2.4° |
12. θ13 | CKM 13-mixing angle | | 0.2° |
13. δ | CKM CP-violating Phase | | 0.995 |
14. g1 or g' | U(1) gauge coupling | μMS = mZ | 0.357 |
15. g2 or g | SU(2) gauge coupling | μMS = mZ | 0.652 |
16. g3 or gs | SU(3) gauge coupling | μMS = mZ | 1.221 |
17. θQCD | QCD vacuum angle | | ~0 |
18. v | Higgs vacuum expectation value | | 246.2196 GeV | ±0.2 MeV
19. mH | Higgs mass | | 125.18 GeV | ±0.16 GeV
Speaking of the Fibonacci number sequence, there is symmetry mirroring the above in the relationship between the terminating digits of Fibonacci numbers and their index numbers equating to members of the array populating the Prime Spiral Sieve.
π(10) = 2,3,5,7
[![image](https://github.com/eq19/maps/assets/8466209/5b0282fd-8918-49ca-b676-0802699eaeef)](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444513434501939)
Within a cycle this scheme would generate the prime platform which is performing the rank of 10 shapes starting with the primes 2,3,5,7.
That is, if the powers of 10 all returned with blue spin, or as a series of rainbows, or evenly alternating colors or other non-random results, ***then I’d say prime numbers appear to have a linkage to 10. I may not know what the the linkage is, just that it appears to exist*** _([HexSpin](https://www.hexspin.com/minor-hexagons/))_.
Via the 11 partitions as the lexer and 13 frames as the parser we do a recombination to build the grammar in 6 periods.
Twisted strip model for one wavelength of a photon with circular polarisation in at space. A similar photon in a closed path in curved space with periodic boundary conditions of length C.
- The B-field is in the plane of the strip and the E-field is perpendicular to it (a).
- The E-field vector is radial and directed inwards, and the B-field is vertical (b).
The magnetic moment ~, angular momentum L~, and direction of propagation with velocity c are also indicated. _([Is the electron a photon with toroidal topology? - pdf](https://github.com/eq19/maps/files/13790325/LdBelectoroid.pdf))_
|-------------------------------- 2x96 -------------------------------|
❓ |--------------- 7¤ ---------------|------------ 7¤ ------------------|
〰️43👉------------- {89} --------------|-------------- {103} -------------|
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 5 | 7 | 11 |{13}| 17 | 19 | 17 |{12}| 11 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 13 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|--------- {53} ---------|---- {48} ----|---- {48} ----|---- {43} ----👉1/89
|---------- 5¤ ----------|------------ {96} -----------|----- 3¤ -----| ✔️
|-------- Bosons --------|---------- Fermions ---------|-- Gravitons--|
13 variations 48 variations 11 variations
F11 (89): The decimal expansion of 89's reciprocal (1/89) is period-44 (see graphic below) composed of 22 bi-lateral 9 sums = 198, while 89 + 109 = 198, 7920/198 = 40 and 8,363,520/198 = 20 x 2112 (7919's index number as a member of this domain). And, curiously, 198's inverse (891) + 109 = 1000, while the sum of 89 and 109's inverses, 98 + 901, = 999. Then consider that, while it's obvious 997 of the first 1000 primes are not divisible by 2, 3, or 5, one might miss the fact that 997 minus its reverasl, 799, = 198 = 89 + 109. And for the record we note that 1/109's decimal expansion is period 108 (making it a 'long period prime' in that 1/p has the maximal period of p−1 digits). This period consists of 54 bilateral 9 sums = 486, which (coincidentally?) is the number of primes in the 243 pairs summing to 7920 (more about these, below). _([PrimesDemystified](https://www.primesdemystified.com/First1000Primes.html))_
43 + 1 = 44 periods
1092 − 892 = 3960 and 3960 x 2 = 7920; which equates to 8,363,520/(1092 − 892) = 2112, and when you plug 7919 into the formula for triangular numbers you generate 31,359,240 = 7919 x (1092 − 892). And here's another grouping that relates to these ratios: (672 − 232) = (1092 − 892) and (672 + 1092) − (232 + 892) = 7920 = 2(1092 − 892). And here we correlate 11's additive sums with 3960, 7920 and the first 1000 prime numbers. _([PrimesDemystified](https://www.primesdemystified.com/First1000Primes.html))_
The symmetry of this supergravity theory is given by the supergroup OSp(1❕32) which gives the subgroups O(1) for the bosonic symmetry and Sp(32) for the fermion symmetry. ***This is because spinors need 32 components in 11 dimensions***. 11D supergravity can be compactified down to 4 dimensions which then has OSp(8❕4) symmetry. (We still have 8 × 4 = 32 so there are still the same number of components.) Spinors need 4 components in 4 dimensions. This gives O(8) for the gauge group which is too small to contain the Standard Model gauge group U(1) × SU(2) × SU(3) ***which would need at least O(10)***.
_([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-dimensional_supergravity#The_mathematics))_ 👈 π(10)
|-------------------------------- 2x96 -------------------------------|
✔️ |--------------- 7¤ ---------------|------------ 7¤ ------------------|
〰️Osp(8|4) 👉------ {89} --------------|-------------- {103} -------------|
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 5 | 7 | 11 |{13}| 17 | 19 | 17 |{12}| 11 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 13 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|--------- {53} ---------|---- {48} ----|---- {48} ----|---- {43} ----👉1/89
|---------- 5¤ ----------|------------ {96} -----------|----- 3¤ -----|
|-------- Bosons --------|---------- Fermions ---------|-- Gravitons--|
13 variations 48 variations 11 variations
Many physicists suspect that the fact that the observable universe contains more matter than antimatter is caused by a chiral anomaly
The pion is one of the particles that mediate the residual strong interaction between a pair of [nucleons](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleons). This interaction is attractive: it pulls the nucleons together. Written in a non-relativistic form, it is called the [Yukawa potential](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa_potential).
- The pion, being spinless, has [kinematics](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematics) described by the [Klein–Gordon](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein%E2%80%93Gordon_equation).
- In the terms of [quantum field theory](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theory), the [effective field theory](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_field_theory) [Lagrangian](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_(field_theory)) describing the pion-nucleon interaction is called the ***[Yukawa interaction](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa_interaction)***.
- The nearly identical masses of π± and π° indicate that there must be a symmetry at play: this symmetry is called the [SU(2)](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SU(2)) [flavour symmetry](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavour_symmetry) or [isospin](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isospin). The reason that there are ***three (3) pions, π+, π− and π°***, is that these are understood to belong to the triplet representation or the [adjoint representation](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjoint_representation_of_a_Lie_group) ***3 of SU(2)***.
- By contrast, the up and down quarks transform according to the [fundamental representation](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_representation) ***2 of SU(2)***, whereas the anti-quarks transform according to the conjugate representation 2*.
- With the addition of the [strange quark](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark), the pions participate in a larger, SU(3), flavour symmetry, in the adjoint representation, ***eight (8) of SU(3)***.
- The other members of this [octet](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eightfold_way_(physics)#Meson_octet) are the four (4) [kaons](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaon) and the [eta meson](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta_meson).
Pions are [pseudoscalars](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_(physics)) under a [parity](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(physics)) transformation. Pion currents thus couple to the axial vector current and so participate in the [chiral anomaly](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_anomaly). _([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion))_
In phenomenology, Yukawa coupling can be observed in phenomenology from 6 quark masses and 4 CKM mixing parameters.
Since the range of the nuclear force was known, ***Yukawa used his equation to predict the mass of the mediating particle as [about two hundreds (200) times](https://github.com/eq19/maps/files/13961751/Yukawa.pdf) the mass of the electron***. Physicists called this particle the "[meson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson)," as its mass was in the middle of the proton and electron. Yukawa's meson was found in 1947, and came to be known as the [pion](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion). _([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa_potential#History))_
It is widely accepted that audible thunder is generated by the lightning channel and the subsequent shock wave that [travels extremely rapidly (~3000 m/s)](https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Engineering_Acoustics/Thunder_acoustics#cite_note-3) a few provides a experimentally-proved thunder generation mechanism. _([Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Engineering_Acoustics/Thunder_acoustics))_
The parity is associated to the shock wave (3km/s) produced after a lightning discharge (300,000km/s) propagated in 3 periods of travels to the normal speed of 1km/s.
Depending on the conditions surrounding the lightning rod such as the air composition, atmospheric pressure, ***the thunder will travel at a unique velocity, pitch, frequency band and duration depending on the characteristics of the lightning rod***. Indeed, as shown in [the study](http://iopscience.iop.org/0143-0807/30/1/014) by Blanco et al. (2009) ***[the geometry plays a vital role](https://www.eq19.com/multiplication/20.html)*** in the perceived resulting sound.
_([Wikipedia](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Engineering_Acoustics/Thunder_acoustics))_
This is typical for processes in which the so-called initial state radiation takes place. It is well known that emission of real or virtual photons from the initial colliding electrons essentially modify the shapes of the narrow resonance curves [[39]](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026931400937X#br0390): the curves become wider, a suppression of the resonance maximum is observed and the main distinctive feature – the radiation tail – appears to the right of the resonance pole. _([Glashow resonance in neutrino–photon scattering](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026931400937X))_
This OSp(8❕4) will be assigned to 4xMEC30 and let the 4x30=120 numbers of 32 prime positions minus 5 types of bosons gives 27 variations of decay objects.
Scheme 13:9
===========
(1){1}-7: 7'
(1){8}-13: 6‘
(1)14-{19}: 6‘
------------- 6+6 -------
(2)20-24: 5' |
(2)25-{29}: 5' |
------------ 5+5 -------
(3)30-36: 7:{70,30,10²}|
------------ |
(4)37-48: 12• --- |
(5)49-59: 11° | |
--}30° 30• |
(6)60-78: 19° | |
(7)79-96: 18• --- |
-------------- |
(8)97-109: 13 |
(9)110-139:{30}=5x6 <--x-
--
{43}
The True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
|-------------------------------- 2x96 -------------------------------|
|--------------- 7¤ ---------------|------------ 7¤ ------------------|
|-------------- {89} --------------|{12}|-- {30} -|-- {36} -|-- {25} -|
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 5 | 7 | 11 |{13}| 17 | 19 | 17 |{12}| 11 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 13 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|--------- {53} ---------|---- {48} ----|---- {48} ----|---- {43} ----|
|---------- 5¤ ----------|------------ {96} -----------|----- 3¤ -----|
|-------- Bosons --------|---------- Fermions ---------|-- Gravitons--|
13 variations 48 variations 11 variations
The Prime Recycling ζ(s):
(2,3), (29,89), (36,68), (72,42), (100,50), (2,3), (29,89), ...**infinity**
----------------------+-----+-----+-----+ ---
7 --------- 1,2:1| 1 | 30 | 40 | 71 (2,3) ‹-------------@---- |
| +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | |
| 8 ‹------ 3:2| 1 | 30 | 40 | 90 | 161 (7) ‹--- | 5¨ encapsulation
| | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | |
| | 6 ‹-- 4,6:3| 1 | 30 | 200 | 231 (10,11,12) ‹--|--- | |
| | | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | | ---
--|--|-----» 7:4| 1 | 30 | 40 | 200 | 271 (13) --› | {5®} | |
| | +-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | |
--|---› 8,9:5| 1 | 30 | 200 | 231 (14,15) ---------› | 7¨ abstraction
289 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | |
| ----› 10:6| 20 | 5 | 10 | 70 | 90 | 195 (19) --› Φ | {6®} |
--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | ---
67 --------› 11:7| 5 | 9 | 14 (20) --------› ¤ | |
| +-----+-----+-----+ | |
| 78 ‹----- 12:8| 9 | 60 | 40 | 109 (26) «------------ | 11¨ polymorphism
| | +-----+-----+-----+ | | |
| | 86‹--- 13:9| 9 | 60 | 69 (27) «-- 3xΔ9 (2xMEC30) | {2®} | |
| | | +-----+-----+-----+ | | ---
| | ---› 14:10| 9 | 60 | 40 | 109 (28) ------------- | |
| | +-----+-----+-----+ | |
| ---› 15,18:11| 1 | 30 | 40 | 71 (29,30,31,32) ---------- 13¨ inheritance
329 | +-----+-----+-----+ |
| ‹--------- 19:12| 10 | 60 | {70} (36) ‹--------------------- Φ |
-------------------+-----+-----+ ---
786 ‹------- 20:13| 90 | 90 (38) ‹-------------- ¤ |
| +-----+-----+ |
| 618 ‹- 21,22:14| 8 | 40 | 48 (40,41) ‹---------------------- 17¨ class
| | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | |
| | 594 ‹- 23:15| 8 | 40 | 70 | 60 | 100 | 278 (42) «-- |{6'®} |
| | | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | ---
--|--|-»24,27:16| 8 | 40 | 48 (43,44,45,46) ------------|---- |
| | +-----+-----+ | |
--|---› 28:17| 100 | {100} (50) ------------------------» 19¨ object
168 | +-----+ |
| 102 -› 29:18| 50 | 50(68) ---------> ∆27-∆9=Δ18 |
----------------------+-----+ ---
-
(total pages)