Add getStartServices API

[joshdover]

Summary

Fixes #49691

This adds a new API to the client-side CoreSetup type for accessing start contracts. This is intended to eventually replace the context pattern which will be removed in the future.

The name of this API method is up for discussion: #49691 (comment)

Dev Docs

Context is being deprecated on the front-end and replaced by the core.getStartServices() API.

class Plugin {
  setup(core, plugins) {
    core.application.register({
      id: 'myApp',
      title: 'My App',
      // `mount` functions with just one argument will only receive `params`
      async mount(params) {
        const [coreStart, depsStart] = await core.getStartServices();
        const { renderApp } = await import('./application');
        return renderApp(coreStart, depsStart, params);
      }
    });
  }
}

Checklist

Use strikethroughs to remove checklist items you don't feel are applicable to this PR.

• [ ] This was checked for cross-browser compatibility, including a check against IE11
• [ ] Any text added follows EUI's writing guidelines, uses sentence case text and includes i18n support
• Documentation was added for features that require explanation or tutorials
• Unit or functional tests were updated or added to match the most common scenarios
• [ ] This was checked for keyboard-only and screenreader accessibility

For maintainers

• This was checked for breaking API changes and was labeled appropriately
• This includes a feature addition or change that requires a release note and was labeled appropriately

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