notebook中链接Hadoop生态

一、组件版本

组件名称	组件版本	备注
Hadoop	3.2.2	hadoop-3.2.2
Spark	3.1.3	spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2
Hive	3.1.2	apache-hive-3.1.2-bin
Flink	1.15.1	pyFlink
Python	3.8.12	notebook:jupyter-ubuntu-cpu-base 自带版本

本教程提供两种方法，分别是第二章节的"基于已有镜像手动安装Hadoop生态"和第三章节的"基于Dockerfile实现"。读者可按照顺序进行操作，也可直接基于已有镜像去快速体验自带的examples。

二、基于已有镜像手动安装Hadoop生态

1.1 启动基础容器

基于ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/cube-studio/notebook:jupyter-ubuntu-cpu-base镜像启动JupyterLab。

docker run --name jupyter -p 3000:3000 -p 32788-32888:32788-32888 \
	-d ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/cube-studio/notebook:jupyter-ubuntu-cpu-base \
	jupyter lab \
	--notebook-dir=/ --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --allow-root \
	--port=3000 --NotebookApp.token='' --NotebookApp.password='' \
	--NotebookApp.allow_origin='*'

注意: 增加映射端口范围32788-32888，用于下文提交spark作业到yarn运行。

1.2 安装配置Spark

1.2.1 上传Hadoop集群配置文件

提交spark作业到yarn上运行需要用到Hadoop集群的配置文件，分别是core-site.xml、hdfs-site.xml、yarn-site.xml。如果没有Hadoop集群，可参考第3.2和3.3小节来搭建一个单机伪分布式的集群来测试。因此在JupyterLab中新建Terminal执行命令:

# 新建HADOOP_CONF_DIR目录
mkdir -p /opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop/

在Web界面中上传3个xml到/opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop/目录下。

注意检查yarn-site.xml一定要有yarn.resourcemanager.address 配置项，否则默认值是0.0.0.0:8032会导致JupyterLab中的作业无法提交到yarn上运行。示例配置如下:

<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
    <value>xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8032</value>
</property>

1.2.2 下载配置Spark

参考Spark官网安装方式本质上有两种: 一是通过 pip install pyspark，二是手动下载spark安装包安装。第一种方式针对Apache Spark的安装比较快速简单，但是不支持其他大数据厂商的Spark安装，例如华为FusionInsight 、星环TDH 、Cloudera CDH 的Spark安装。因此，本教程采用第二种方式，其扩展性好，针对各种厂商都是通用的。

下载安装包

cd /opt/third

# 下载安装包
wget http://dlcdn.apache.org/spark/spark-3.1.3/spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2.tgz

# 解压，建立软连接
tar -xvzf spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2.tgz
ln -s spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2 spark

设置环境变量

vi ~/.bashrc

# hadoop
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop

# spark
export SPARK_HOME=/opt/third/spark
export PATH=$PATH:$SPARK_HOME/bin
export PYTHONPATH=$(ZIPS=("$SPARK_HOME"/python/lib/*.zip); IFS=:; echo "${ZIPS[*]}"):$PYTHONPATH

source ~/.bashrc

配置spark-defaults.conf

cd /opt/third/spark/conf
mv spark-defaults.conf.template spark-defaults.conf

# 增加spark作业配置项
vi spark-defaults.conf

输入以下内容:

spark.ui.enabled=false
spark.driver.port=32788
spark.blockManager.port=32789
spark.driver.bindAddress=0.0.0.0
spark.driver.host=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

其中spark.driver.host是宿主机的IP地址，spark.driver.port和spark.blockManager.port的两种端口32788、32789是启动容器时增加的映射端口。两个参数解释如下: spark.driver.port 是driver监听来自executor请求的端口，executor启动时要跟driver进行通信和获取任务信息。 spark.blockManager.port 是driver和executor进行数据传输的端口。

1.2.3 安装findspark

参考pyspark开发环境搭建，运行pyspark关于依赖包共有三种解决方案，分别如下:

使用findspark库自动识别spark依赖包。

import findspark
findspark.init()

动态加载依赖文件。

os.environ['SPARK_HOME'] = "/opt/third/spark"
sys.path.append("/opt/third/spark/python")
sys.path.append("/opt/third/spark/python/lib/py4j-0.10.9-src.zip")

设置环境变量

环境变量SPARK_HOME和PYTHONPATH，其实上文已设置，但由于在notebook不生效，因此放弃此方法。

第二种方法比较对用户成本过高，因此本文采用findspark的方法。

pip install findspark

1.2.4 修改 python3的软链接

当前是python3 -> python3.6*，要把python3连接到python3.8*上。

cd /usr/bin
rm -rf python3
ln -s python3.8* python3

1.3 测试Spark

新建Python3 Notebook来测试。

1.3.1 本地运行

import os
from random import random
from operator import add

import findspark

os.environ['SPARK_HOME']='/opt/third/spark'
findspark.init()

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession\
    .builder\
    .appName("PythonPi-Local")\
    .master("local")\
    .getOrCreate()

    n = 100000 * 2

    def f(_):
        x = random() * 2 - 1
        y = random() * 2 - 1
        return 1 if x ** 2 + y ** 2 <= 1 else 0

    count = spark.sparkContext.parallelize(range(1, n + 1), 2).map(f).reduce(add)
    print("Pi is roughly %f" % (4.0 * count / n))

    spark.stop()

1.3.2 本地运行访问Hive

import os
import findspark

os.environ['SPARK_HOME']='/opt/third/spark'
findspark.init()

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession.builder \
    .appName('spark-hive-demo') \
    .config("hive.metastore.uris", "thrift://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9083") \
    .enableHiveSupport() \
    .getOrCreate()

    spark.sql("create table if not exists demo(id bigint,name String)")

    spark.sql("insert overwrite demo values (1,'hamawhite'),(2,'song.bs')")
    spark.sql("select * from demo").show()

其中 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9083是Hive MetaStore的地址。

1.3.3 Yarn-client模式运行jar作业

命令行模式测试spark jar作业，确保容器、spark、yarn的配置都是正确的。

cd /opt/third/spark

# 运行作业
spark-submit --class org.apache.spark.examples.SparkPi \
    --master yarn \
    --deploy-mode client \
    --driver-memory 4g \
    --executor-memory 2g \
    --executor-cores 1 \
    --queue default \
    examples/jars/spark-examples*.jar \
    10

可以在Yarn Web界面上看到提交过去的作业。

1.3.4 Yarn-client模式运行pyspark作业

import os
import sys
from random import random
from operator import add

import findspark

os.environ['SPARK_HOME']='/opt/third/spark'
os.environ['HADOOP_CONF_DIR']='/opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop'

findspark.init()

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession\
    .builder\
    .appName("PythonPi-Yarn-Client")\
    .master("yarn")\
    .config("spark.submit.deployMode", "client")\
    .getOrCreate()

    n = 100000 * 2

    def f(_):
        x = random() * 2 - 1
        y = random() * 2 - 1
        return 1 if x ** 2 + y ** 2 <= 1 else 0

    count = spark.sparkContext.parallelize(range(1, n + 1), 2).map(f).reduce(add)
    print("Pi is roughly %f" % (4.0 * count / n))

    spark.stop()

可以在Yarn Web界面上看到提交过去的作业，如下图所示。

1.4 安装配置Flink

1.4.1 安装PyFlink

pip install apache-flink==1.15.1

如果不需要用到HiveCatalog，可直接进入到1.5.1节进行测试。

1.4.2 修改JDK版本

镜像里自带的是JDK11，但由于Hive3是基于Java8编译的，基于JDK11运行时 PyFlink连接HiveCatalog会报错。因此修改JDK版本为8。

# 删除已有的JDK11
rm -rf /usr/lib/jvm/

# 安装JDK8
apt-get update
apt-get install -y openjdk-8-jdk

# 设置下环境变量
vi ~/.bashrc

#java
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

source ~/.bashrc

# 测试下java命令
java -version

1.4.3 安装Maven

由于下面pyflink连接Hive Catalog时要配置一些依赖jar包，可以通过maven来批量一次性安装。

cd /opt/third
wget http://dlcdn.apache.org/maven/maven-3/3.8.6/binaries/apache-maven-3.8.6-bin.tar.gz

tar -xvzf apache-maven-3.8.6-bin.tar.gz
ln -s apache-maven-3.8.6 maven

# 配置maven镜像
$ vi maven/conf/settings.xml
# <mirrors>内添加如下内容

    <!-- 华为云镜像 -->
    <mirror>
        <id>huaweimaven</id>
        <name>huawei maven</name>
        <url>https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven/</url>
        <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
    </mirror>
    <!-- 阿里云镜像 -->
    <mirror>
        <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
        <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
        <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
    </mirror>

# 设置环境变量
$ vi ~/.bashrc

# maven
export M2_HOME=/opt/third/maven
export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin

$ source ~/.bashrc
$ mvn -v

1.4.4 批量安装依赖

mkdir -p /opt/third/flink

cd /opt/third/flink
mkdir lib
# 新建下面的flink-dep.xml文件来定义依赖的jar(后续可以直接扩展的)
vi flink-dep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.flink.dep</groupId>
  <artifactId>flink-dep</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>

  <properties>
    <flink.version>1.15.1</flink.version>
    <hadoop.version>3.2.2</hadoop.version>
    <hive.version>3.1.2</hive.version>
    <scala.binary.version>2.12</scala.binary.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
      <artifactId>flink-connector-hive_${scala.binary.version}</artifactId>
      <version>${flink.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
      <artifactId>hive-exec</artifactId>
      <version>${hive.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
      <artifactId>hadoop-mapreduce-client-core</artifactId>
      <version>${hadoop.version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

# 运行命令下载依赖
mvn -f flink-dep.xml dependency:copy-dependencies  -DoutputDirectory=/opt/third/flink/lib

1.4.5 上传Hive配置文件

因此在JupyterLab中新建Terminal执行命令:

# 新建目录
mkdir -p /opt/third/hive/conf

在Web界面中上传hive-site.xml到/opt/third/hive/conf目录下。

1.5 测试Flink

新建Python3 Notebook来测试。

1.5.1 本地运行

pyflink_sql.ipynb

from pyflink.table import EnvironmentSettings, TableEnvironment

env_settings = EnvironmentSettings.in_streaming_mode()
t_env = TableEnvironment.create(env_settings)

t_env.execute_sql("""
    CREATE TABLE random_source(
        id BIGINT, 
        data TINYINT
    ) WITH (
        'connector' = 'datagen',
        'fields.id.kind'='sequence',
        'fields.id.start'='1',
        'fields.id.end'='8',
        'fields.data.kind'='sequence',
        'fields.data.start'='4',
        'fields.data.end'='11'
    )
""")

t_env.execute_sql("""
    CREATE TABLE print_sink (
        id BIGINT, 
        data_sum TINYINT 
    ) WITH (
        'connector' = 'print'
    )
""")

t_env.execute_sql("""
    INSERT INTO print_sink 
        SELECT id, sum(data) as data_sum FROM 
            (SELECT id / 2 as id, data FROM random_source )
        WHERE id > 1
        GROUP BY id
""").wait()

1.5.2 本地运行(HiveCatalog)

元数据会存储到Hive MetaStore中, pyflink_sql_hivecatalog.ipynb

import os 
from pyflink.table import EnvironmentSettings, TableEnvironment

env_settings = EnvironmentSettings.in_streaming_mode()
t_env = TableEnvironment.create(env_settings)

flink_lib_path="/opt/third/flink/lib"
jars = []
for file in os.listdir(flink_lib_path):
    if file.endswith('.jar'):
        jars.append(os.path.basename(file))
str_jars = ';'.join(['file://'+flink_lib_path +'/'+ jar for jar in jars])
t_env.get_config().get_configuration().set_string("pipeline.jars", str_jars)

from pyflink.table.catalog import HiveCatalog

# Create a HiveCatalog
catalog_name = "hive"
default_database = "default"
catalog = HiveCatalog(catalog_name, default_database, "/opt/third/hive/conf")
t_env.register_catalog(catalog_name, catalog)
t_env.use_catalog(catalog_name)

t_env.execute_sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS random_source_pyflink")
t_env.execute_sql("""
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS random_source_pyflink (
        id BIGINT, 
        data TINYINT
    ) WITH (
        'connector' = 'datagen',
        'fields.id.kind'='sequence',
        'fields.id.start'='1',
        'fields.id.end'='8',
        'fields.data.kind'='sequence',
        'fields.data.start'='4',
        'fields.data.end'='11'
    )
""")

t_env.execute_sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS print_sink_pyflink")
t_env.execute_sql("""
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS print_sink_pyflink  (
        id BIGINT, 
        data_sum TINYINT 
    ) WITH (
        'connector' = 'print'
    )
""")

t_env.execute_sql("""
    INSERT INTO print_sink_pyflink 
        SELECT id, sum(data) as data_sum FROM 
            (SELECT id / 2 as id, data FROM random_source_pyflink )
        WHERE id > 1
        GROUP BY id
""").wait()

上述操作完成后，可通过pyspark作业查看到上述新建的表random_source_pyflink和random_source_pyflink。

import os
import findspark

os.environ['SPARK_HOME']='/opt/third/spark'
findspark.init()

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession.builder \
    .appName('spark-hive-demo') \
    .config("hive.metastore.uris", "thrift://192.168.90.150:9083") \
    .enableHiveSupport() \
    .getOrCreate()

    spark.sql("show tables").show()

二、基于Dockerfile实现

2.1 编辑Dockerfile及构建镜像

此步骤仅作参考，已集成到cube-studio源码中。

FROM ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/cube-studio/notebook:jupyter-ubuntu-cpu-base

MAINTAINER hamawhite

COPY hadoop/run-jupyter.sh /root/run-jupyter.sh
# 拷贝examples
COPY hadoop/examples/spark/* /examples/spark/
COPY hadoop/examples/flink/* /examples/flink/

# 拷贝示例的hadoop和hive配置文件
COPY hadoop/conf/hive/* /opt/third/hive/conf/
COPY hadoop/conf/hadoop/* /opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop/

# 新增flink-dep.xml
COPY hadoop/conf/flink/flink-dep.xml /opt/third/flink/

RUN apt-get update && apt install -y lsof

# 修改python3的软链接
RUN cd /usr/bin \
    && rm -rf python3 \
    && ln -s python3.8* python3

# 下载apache spark安装包
RUN cd /opt/third \
    && wget http://dlcdn.apache.org/spark/spark-3.1.3/spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2.tgz \
    && tar -xvzf spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2.tgz \
    && ln -s spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2 spark \
    && rm -rf spark-3.1.3-bin-hadoop3.2.tgz \
#   创建spark-defaults.conf
    && cd /opt/third/spark/conf \
    && mv spark-defaults.conf.template spark-defaults.conf \
#   安装pyflink
    && pip install apache-flink==1.15.1 \
#   安装JDK8
    && rm -rf /usr/lib/jvm/ \
    && apt-get install -y openjdk-8-jdk \
#   安装maven
    && cd /opt/third \
    && wget http://dlcdn.apache.org/maven/maven-3/3.8.6/binaries/apache-maven-3.8.6-bin.tar.gz \
    && tar -xvzf apache-maven-3.8.6-bin.tar.gz \
    && ln -s apache-maven-3.8.6 maven \
    && rm -rf apache-maven-3.8.6-bin.tar.gz

# 修改maven镜像
COPY hadoop/maven/conf/settings.xml /opt/third/maven/conf/settings.xml

ENV M2_HOME /opt/third/maven
ENV PATH $M2_HOME/bin:$PATH

# 下载pyflink hivecatalog的依赖
RUN cd /opt/third/flink \
    && mkdir lib \
    && mvn -f flink-dep.xml dependency:copy-dependencies -DoutputDirectory=lib

ENTRYPOINT ["bash","/root/run-jupyter.sh"]

run-jupyter.sh内容如下:

#!/bin/bash

HOST_IP=$1

# Hadoop生态集群的环境变量统一设置在/opt/third/hadoop-env文件中。

# 设置Hadoop环境变量
echo "export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop" >> /opt/third/hadoop-env

SPARK_HOME="/opt/third/spark"

# 设置Spark环境变量
echo "export SPARK_HOME=${SPARK_HOME}" >> /opt/third/hadoop-env
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:$SPARK_HOME/bin' >> /opt/third/hadoop-env
echo 'export PYTHONPATH=${SPARK_HOME}/python:$(ZIPS=("$SPARK_HOME"/python/lib/*.zip); IFS=:; echo "${ZIPS[*]}"):$PYTHONPATH' >> /opt/third/hadoop-env


# 配置spark-defaults.conf
echo "spark.ui.enabled=false" >> ${SPARK_HOME}/conf/spark-defaults.conf
echo "spark.driver.port=32788" >> ${SPARK_HOME}/conf/spark-defaults.conf
echo "spark.blockManager.port=32789" >> ${SPARK_HOME}/conf/spark-defaults.conf
echo "spark.driver.bindAddress=0.0.0.0" >> ${SPARK_HOME}/conf/spark-defaults.conf
echo "spark.driver.host=${HOST_IP}" >>${SPARK_HOME}/conf/spark-defaults.conf


# 设置环境变量到全局/etc/profile
echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64" >> /etc/profile
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin' >> /etc/profile
echo 'export M2_HOME=/opt/third/maven' >> /etc/profile
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin' >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile
source /opt/third/hadoop-env

# 绑定到/data目录下
jupyter lab --notebook-dir=/ --ip=0.0.0.0 --no-browser --allow-root --port=3000 --NotebookApp.token='' --NotebookApp.password='' --NotebookApp.allow_origin='*' 2>&1

构建命令:

cd cube-studio/images/jupyter-notebook
docker build -t ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/cube-studio/notebook:jupyter-ubuntu-cpu-hadoop -f hadoop/Dockerfile-ubuntu-hadoop .

2.2 启动Hadoop容器

docker run --name jupyter -p 3000:3000 -p 32788-32888:32788-32888 -d ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/cube-studio/notebook:jupyter-ubuntu-cpu-hadoop xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

注意: 增加映射端口范围32788-32888，最后一个参数xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx是宿主机IP，均是用于下文提交spark作业到yarn运行。打开http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:3000/lab 来访问JupyterLab Web页面。

2.3 上传集群配置文件

目录/opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop和/opt/third/hive/conf已自带默认配置文件，可以修改配置文件里面的参数，或者按照下面的步骤进行上传均可。

2.3.1 上传Hadoop配置文件

在Web界面中上传core-site.xml、hdfs-site.xml、yarn-site.xml到/opt/third/hadoop/etc/hadoop目录下。注意检查yarn-site.xml一定要有yarn.resourcemanager.address 配置项，否则默认值是0.0.0.0:8032会导致JupyterLab中的作业无法提交到yarn上运行。示例配置如下:

<property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
    <value>xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8032</value>
</property>

2.3.1 上传Hive配置文件

在Web界面中上传hive-site.xml到/opt/third/hive/conf目录下。

2.4 测试Spark

因为在镜像启动jupyter的时候已经设置相关环境，因此在代码中无需再额外设置环境变量或者使用findspark。在/examples目录下已内置自带，可直接运行。

2.4.1 本地运行

pyspark_local.ipynb

from random import random
from operator import add
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession\
    .builder\
    .appName("PythonPi-Local")\
    .master("local")\
    .getOrCreate()

    n = 100000 * 2

    def f(_):
        x = random() * 2 - 1
        y = random() * 2 - 1
        return 1 if x ** 2 + y ** 2 <= 1 else 0

    count = spark.sparkContext.parallelize(range(1, n + 1), 2).map(f).reduce(add)
    print("Pi is roughly %f" % (4.0 * count / n))

    spark.stop()

2.4.2 本地运行访问Hive

pyspark_local_hive.ipynb

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession.builder \
    .appName('spark-hive-demo') \
    .config("hive.metastore.uris", "thrift://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9083") \
    .enableHiveSupport() \
    .getOrCreate()

    spark.sql("create table if not exists demo(id bigint,name String)")

    spark.sql("insert overwrite demo values (1,'hamawhite'),(2,'song.bs')")
    spark.sql("select * from demo").show()

其中 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9083是Hive MetaStore的地址。

2.4.3 Yarn-client模式运行pyspark作业

pyspark_yarn.ipynb

from random import random
from operator import add
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession\
    .builder\
    .appName("PythonPi-Yarn-Client-Dockerfile")\
    .master("yarn")\
    .config("spark.submit.deployMode", "client")\
    .getOrCreate()

    n = 100000 * 2

    def f(_):
        x = random() * 2 - 1
        y = random() * 2 - 1
        return 1 if x ** 2 + y ** 2 <= 1 else 0

    count = spark.sparkContext.parallelize(range(1, n + 1), 2).map(f).reduce(add)
    print("Pi is roughly %f" % (4.0 * count / n))

    spark.stop()

可以在Yarn Web界面上看到提交过去的作业，如下图所示。

2.5 测试Flink

此部分跟1.5小节类似，不再阐述。在/examples目录下已内置自带，可直接运行。

三、其他辅助文档

3.1 Centos下安装Python3.8

由于本文用到的Hadoop集群是基于Centos7搭建的，默认的python版本是2.7，跟镜像中的Python3.8版本不一致，会导致Yarn作业运行失败。因此此处补充安装Python3.8的教程。

# 安装基础依赖
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make libffi-devel

# 下载Python安装包
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.12/Python-3.8.12.tgz

tar -zxvf Python-3.8.12.tgz 
cd Python-3.8.12
./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3
# 安装
make && make install

# 最终在/usr/local/目录下会有python3目录

# 添加python3的软链接 
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3 
# 添加pip3的软链接  
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip3

然后把默认python软链接到python3上。

rm -rf /bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.8 /bin/python

3.2 安装Hadoop

参考官网 https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/SingleCluster.html

3.3 安装Hive

参考官网 https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/AdminManual+Installation

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