feat(core, apps): 'PacketDataProvider' interface added and implemented (backport #4199)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #4199 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of a0a6526 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/release/v7.3.x/pr-4199
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/release/v7.3.x'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit a0a65263.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   modules/apps/27-interchain-accounts/types/packet_test.go
	modified:   modules/apps/transfer/types/packet_test.go
	new file:   modules/core/exported/packet.go

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   modules/apps/27-interchain-accounts/types/packet.go
	both modified:   modules/apps/transfer/types/packet.go
	both modified:   modules/core/exported/channel.go

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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