jobs: only force jobs.MaybeGenerateForcedRetryableError in 23.1

[dt]

Broken into a couple commits for ease of review:

1. jobs: plumb cluster version to info table accessor

This is a pure refactor to plumb a clusterversion.Handle to the info table accessor
via all the call sites and wrapping structs/call trees; no behavior change, or usage
of the plumbed cv, is added in this commit.

2. jobs: only force jobs.MaybeGenerateForcedRetryableError in 23.1

3. jobs: only store 23.1 debugging info after 23.1 upgrade

Release note (bug fix): fixed a bug that could cause 23.1 nodes in clusters which had not finalized the 23.1
version upgrade to use excessive CPU retrying expected errors related to the incomplete upgrade state.

Informs #113795.

[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is 

[adityamaru]

thanks for doing this

[miretskiy]

Looks reasonable to me.

[dt]

TFTRs!

bors r+

[craig]

Build succeeded:

• Bazel Essential CI (Cockroach)

[blathers-crl]

Encountered an error creating backports. Some common things that can go wrong:

1. The backport branch might have already existed.
2. There was a merge conflict.
3. The backport branch contained merge commits.

You might need to create your backport manually using the backport tool.

---

error creating merge commit from 881576e to blathers/backport-release-23.1-113864: POST https://api.github.com/repos/cockroachdb/cockroach/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

you may need to manually resolve merge conflicts with the backport tool.

Backport to branch 23.1.x failed. See errors above.

---

error creating merge commit from 881576e to blathers/backport-release-23.1.12-rc.FROZEN-113864: POST https://api.github.com/repos/cockroachdb/cockroach/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

you may need to manually resolve merge conflicts with the backport tool.

Backport to branch 23.1.12-rc.FROZEN failed. See errors above.

---

_{🦉 Hoot! I am a Blathers, a bot for CockroachDB. My owner is dev-inf.}