Bazel's java tests sometimes fail with all test cases passed but TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE exists

[meteorcloudy]

Description of the bug:

Example: https://buildkite.com/bazel/bazel-bazel/builds/30505#0193b7e6-4a47-41a7-b5f8-cf4ffa391104

Which category does this issue belong to?

No response

What's the simplest, easiest way to reproduce this bug? Please provide a minimal example if possible.

So far only seen on CI, not reproducible locally

Which operating system are you running Bazel on?

Linux

What is the output of bazel info release?

8.0.0

If bazel info release returns development version or (@non-git), tell us how you built Bazel.

No response

What's the output of git remote get-url origin; git rev-parse HEAD ?

No response

If this is a regression, please try to identify the Bazel commit where the bug was introduced with bazelisk --bisect.

Yes, only appeared with Bazel 8.0.0, probably triggered by #23284, but it may not be the root cause.

Have you found anything relevant by searching the web?

No response

Any other information, logs, or outputs that you want to share?

No response

[meteorcloudy]

@bazel-io fork 8.0.1

[meteorcloudy]

Found a way to reproduce locally:

1. Make a simple java test (//examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject:hello) flaky by sleep 5~10s randomly and --test_timeout=7

$ git diff examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject/TestHello.java
diff --git a/examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject/TestHello.java b/examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject/TestHello.java
index e8b775847f..5e0328a63b 100644
--- a/examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject/TestHello.java
+++ b/examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject/TestHello.java
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.example.myproject;

+import java.util.Random;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -15,12 +17,15 @@ import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  * args, {@link Greeter} should print "Hello &lt;arg[0]&gt;".</p>
  */
 public class TestHello {
+  Random random = new Random();

   @Test
   public void testNoArgument() throws Exception {
     ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     Greeter.out = new PrintStream(out);
     Greeter.main();
+    int sleepTime = 5000 + random.nextInt(5000);
+    Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
     assertEquals("Hello world", new String(out.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8).trim());
   }

2. Run with disk cache and flaky test attempt flags:

bazel clean && rm -rf /tmp/cache_1 && bazel test examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject:hello --test_timeout=7 --disk_cache=/tmp/cache_1 --flaky_test_attempts=3

3. Run the test again

bazel test examples/java-native/src/test/java/com/example/myproject:hello --test_timeout=7 --disk_cache=/tmp/cache_1 --flaky_test_attempts=3

If step 2 fails, then step 3 should be able to reproduce the failure with a given chance. And once it's reproduced and cached, rerunning will show the same error again.