new rule: ARIA required ID references exist

_rules/aria-required-id-references-in6db8.md

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+---
+id: in6db8
+name: ARIA required ID references exist
+rule_type: atomic
+description: |
+  This rule checks that every ID reference required by WAI-ARIA exists
+accessibility_requirements:
+  aria12:propcharacteristic_value:
+    title: ARIA 1.2, 6.2.4 Value (Characteristics of States and Properties)
+    forConformance: true
+    failed: not satisfied
+    passed: satisfied
+    inapplicable: satisfied
+  wcag20:1.3.1: # Info and Relationships (A)
+    secondary: true
+  wcag20:4.1.2: # Name, Role, Value (A)
+    secondary: true
+input_aspects:
+  - DOM Tree
+  - CSS Styling
+acknowledgments:
+  authors:
+    - Wilco Fiers
+---
+
+## Applicability
+
+This rule applies to any `aria-controls` attribute defined on an [HTML element][namespaced element] for which one of the following is true:
+
+- <dfn>expanded combobox</dfn>: the element is a [semantic][] `combobox` with an `aria-expanded` [attribute value][] of `true`; or
+- <dfn>scrollbar</dfn>: the element is a [semantic][] `scrollbar`.
+
+## Expectation
+
+Each test target's [attribute value][] is a space-separated list of one or more IDs. At least one of those IDs must match an `id` [attribute value][] in the same [document][document tree] or [shadow tree][].
+
+## Assumptions
+
+There are no assumptions.
+
+## Accessibility Support
+
+Some user agents treat the value of `aria-*` attribute as case-sensitive (even when these are not IDs) while some treat them as case-insensitive.
+
+## Background
+
+This rule is written specifically for `aria-controls`, because it is the only [ID Reference List][] property that is [required by WAI-ARIA][]. The `aria-controls` property is only required by the `scrollbar` role, and by an expanded `combobox`. There are no [ID Reference][] properties that are required by WAI-ARIA for any role.
+
+### Bibliography
+
+- [ARIA5: Using WAI-ARIA state and property attributes to expose the state of a user interface component](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Techniques/aria/ARIA5)
+- [WAI-ARIA required states and properties](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#requiredState)
+- [RFC 3986](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt)
+
+## Test Cases
+
+### Passed
+
+#### Passed Example 1
+
+The `aria-controls` [attribute value][] of this `scrollbar` matches the `id` of the `main` element in the same document.
+
+```html
+<main id="content">Lorem ipsum...</main>
+<div
+	role="scrollbar"
+	aria-controls="content"
+	aria-orientation="vertical"
+	aria-valuemax="100"
+	aria-valuemin="0"
+	aria-valuenow="25"
+></div>
+```
+
+#### Passed Example 2
+
+The `aria-controls` [attribute value][] of this expanded `combobox` matches the `id` of the `main` element in the same document.
+
+```html
+<label for="tag_combo">Tag</label>
+<input
+	type="text"
+	id="tag_combo"
+	role="combobox"
+	aria-expanded="true"
+	aria-controls="popup_listbox"
+	aria-activedescendant="selected_option"
+/>
+<ul role="listbox" id="popup_listbox">
+	<li role="option">Zebra</li>
+	<li role="option" id="selected_option">Zoom</li>
+</ul>
+```
+
+#### Passed Example 3
+
+The `aria-controls` [attribute value][] of this `scrollbar` has two IDs. The `content-2` ID matches the `id` of the `main` element in the same document.
+
+```html
+<main id="content-2">Lorem ipsum...</main>
+<div
+	role="scrollbar"
+	aria-controls="content-1 content-2"
+	aria-orientation="vertical"
+	aria-valuemax="100"
+	aria-valuemin="0"
+	aria-valuenow="25"
+></div>
+```
+
+### Failed
+
+#### Failed Example 1
+
+The `aria-controls` attribute of this expanded `combobox` references an ID of `popup_listbox` which does not exist in the document.
+
+```html
+<label>
+	Tag
+	<input role="combobox" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="popup_listbox" />
+</label>
+```
+
+#### Failed Example 2
+
+The `aria-controls` attribute of this `scrollbar` references IDs of `content-1` and `content-2`. Neither of these IDs exist in the document.
+
+```html
+<main>Lorem ipsum...</main>
+<div
+	role="scrollbar"
+	aria-controls="content-1 content-2"
+	aria-orientation="vertical"
+	aria-valuemax="100"
+	aria-valuemin="0"
+	aria-valuenow="25"
+></div>
+```
+
+#### Failed Example 3
+
+The `aria-controls` attribute of this expanded `combobox` references a `popup_listbox` ID. This `id` exists, but in a different DOM tree as the `combobox`.
+
+```html
+<aria-listbox>
+	<label for="tag_combo">Tag</label>
+	<input
+		type="text"
+		id="tag_combo"
+		role="combobox"
+		aria-expanded="true"
+		aria-controls="popup_listbox"
+		aria-activedescendant="selected_option"
+	/>
+
+	<template shadowrootmode="open">
+		<slot></slot>
+		<ul role="listbox" id="popup_listbox">
+			<li role="option">Zebra</li>
+			<li role="option" id="selected_option">Zoom</li>
+		</ul>
+	</template>
+</aria-listbox>
+```
+
+### Inapplicable
+
+#### Inapplicable Example 1
+
+The `combobox` does not have an `aria-expanded` [attribute value][] of `true`.
+
+```html
+<label for="tag_combo">Tag</label>
+<input type="text" id="tag_combo" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="popup_listbox" />
+```
+
+#### Inapplicable Example 2
+
+This element with an `aria-controls` attribute is not a [semantic][] `scrollbar` nor `combobox`.
+
+```html
+<button aria-controls="my-modal">Open the modal</button>
+```
+
+#### Inapplicable Example 3
+
+The `button` does not have an `aria-controls` attribute.
+
+```html
+<button>Open the modal</button>
+```
+
+[semantic]: #semantic-role 'Definition of Semantic Role'
+[attribute value]: #attribute-value 'Definition of Attribute Value'
+[document tree]: https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#document-trees 'DOM Definition of Document tree'
+[shadow tree]: https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#shadow-trees 'DOM Definition of Shadow tree'
+[required by wai-aria]: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#requiredState 'WAI-ARIA Required States and Properties'
+[id reference list]: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#valuetype_idref_list 'WAI-ARIA definition of ID Reference List'
+[id reference]: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#valuetype_idref 'WAI-ARIA definition of ID Reference'