docs: add usage guide for check constraints (delta-io#2079)

# Description
Added a usage guide for adding check constraints to tables

# Related Issue(s)
Closes delta-io#2063 

# Documentation

I just wrote it

docs/src/python/check_constraints.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+def add_constraint():
+    # --8<-- [start:add_constraint]
+    from deltalake import DeltaTable
+
+    dt = DeltaTable("../rust/tests/data/simple_table")
+
+    # Check the schema before hand
+    print(dt.schema())
+    # Add the constraint to the table.
+    dt.alter.add_constraint({"id_gt_0": "id > 0"})
+    # --8<-- [end:add_constraint]
+
+
+def add_data():
+    # --8<-- [start:add_data]
+    from deltalake import write_deltalake
+    import pandas as pd
+
+    df = pd.DataFrame({"id": [-1]})
+    write_deltalake(dt, df, mode="append", engine="rust")
+    # _internal.DeltaProtocolError: Invariant violations: ["Check or Invariant (id > 0) violated by value in row: [-1]"]
+    # --8<-- [end:add_data]

docs/src/rust/check_constraints.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+
+    // --8<-- [start:add_constraint]
+    let table = deltalake::open_table("../rust/tests/data/simple_table").await?;
+    let ops = DeltaOps(table);
+    ops.with_constraint("id_gt_0", "id > 0").await?;
+    // --8<-- [end:add_constraint]
+
+    // --8<-- [start:add_data]
+    let table = deltalake::open_table("../rust/tests/data/simple_table").await?;
+    let schema = table.get_state().arrow_schema()?;
+    let invalid_values: Vec<Arc<dyn Array>> = vec![
+        Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![-10]))
+    ];
+    let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(schema, invalid_values)?;
+    table.write(vec![batch]).await?;
+    // --8<-- [end:add_data]
+
+    Ok(())
+}

docs/usage/constraints.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Adding a Constraint to a table
+
+Check constraints are a way to enforce that only data that meets the constraint is allowed to be added to the table.
+
+## Add the Constraint
+
+{{ code_example('check_constraints', 'add_constraint', ['DeltaTable']) }}
+
+After you have added the constraint to the table attempting to append data to the table that violates the constraint
+will instead throw an error.
+
+## Verify the constraint by trying to add some data
+
+{{ code_example('check_constraints', 'add_data', []) }}
+
+Note: ensure you use the `engine='rust'` parameter when writing to the table as this feature is not supported in the
+default pyarrow writer. 

mkdocs.yml

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ nav:
     - Creating a table: usage/create-delta-lake-table.md
     - Loading a table: usage/loading-table.md
     - Append/overwrite tables: usage/appending-overwriting-delta-lake-table.md
+    - Adding a constraint: usage/constraints.md
     - Examining a table: usage/examining-table.md
     - Querying a table: usage/querying-delta-tables.md
     - Managing a table: usage/managing-tables.md