Implements associated types

[esdrubal]

Description

Implements associated types parsing.

Adds associated types to trait map.

Modifies resolve_symbol to handle associated types.

Support was added for type ascription, methods parameters, method return types, and function parameters.

It is still missing fully qualified paths, and checking associated types name conflicts.

It is also missing updating the documentation.

Closes #4487
Closes #610

Checklist

• I have linked to any relevant issues.
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas.
• I have updated the documentation where relevant (API docs, the reference, and the Sway book).
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works.
• I have added (or requested a maintainer to add) the necessary Breaking* or New Feature labels where relevant.
• I have done my best to ensure that my PR adheres to the Fuel Labs Code Review Standards.
• I have requested a review from the relevant team or maintainers.