Add fs.path.ComponentIterator and use it in Dir.makePath

Before this commit, there were three issues with the makePath implementation:

1. The component iteration did not 'collapse' consecutive path separators; instead, it would treat `a/b//c` as `a/b//c`, `a/b/`, `a/b`, and `a`.
2. Trailing path separators led to redundant `makeDir` calls, e.g. with the path `a/b/` (if `a` doesn't exist), it would try to create `a/b/`, then try `a/b`, then try `a`, then try `a/b`, and finally try `a/b/` again.
3. The iteration did not treat the root of a path specially, so on Windows it could attempt to make a directory with a path like `X:` for something like `X:\a\b\c` if the `X:\` drive doesn't exist. This didn't lead to any problems that I could find, but there's no reason to try to make a drive letter as a directory (or any other root path).

This commit fixes all three issues by introducing a ComponentIterator that is root-aware and handles both sequential path separators and trailing path separators and uses it in `Dir.makePath`. This reduces the number of `makeDir` calls for paths where (1) the root of the path doesn't exist, (2) there are consecutive path separators, or (3) there are trailing path separators

As an example, here are the makeDir calls that would have been made before this commit when calling `makePath` for a relative path like `a/b//c//` (where the full path needs to be created):

a/b//c//
a/b//c/
a/b//c
a/b/
a/b
a
a/b
a/b/
a/b//c
a/b//c/
a/b//c//

And after this commit:

a/b//c
a/b
a
a/b
a/b//c

lib/std/fs.zig

@@ -1462,32 +1462,22 @@ pub const Dir = struct {
     /// This function is not atomic, and if it returns an error, the file system may
     /// have been modified regardless.
     pub fn makePath(self: Dir, sub_path: []const u8) !void {
-        var end_index: usize = sub_path.len;
+        var it = try path.componentIterator(sub_path);
+        var component = it.last() orelse return;
         while (true) {
-            self.makeDir(sub_path[0..end_index]) catch |err| switch (err) {
+            self.makeDir(component.path) catch |err| switch (err) {
                 error.PathAlreadyExists => {
                     // TODO stat the file and return an error if it's not a directory
                     // this is important because otherwise a dangling symlink
                     // could cause an infinite loop
-                    if (end_index == sub_path.len) return;
                 },
-                error.FileNotFound => {
-                    // march end_index backward until next path component
-                    while (true) {
-                        if (end_index == 0) return err;
-                        end_index -= 1;
-                        if (path.isSep(sub_path[end_index])) break;
-                    }
+                error.FileNotFound => |e| {
+                    component = it.previous() orelse return e;
                     continue;
                 },
-                else => return err,
+                else => |e| return e,
             };
-            if (end_index == sub_path.len) return;
-            // march end_index forward until next path component
-            while (true) {
-                end_index += 1;
-                if (end_index == sub_path.len or path.isSep(sub_path[end_index])) break;
-            }
+            component = it.next() orelse return;
         }
     }