fix: correctly parse inline loader values

.changeset/cold-bananas-hear.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Correctly parse values returned from inline loader

packages/astro/src/content/content-layer.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { promises as fs, existsSync } from 'node:fs';
 import * as fastq from 'fastq';
 import type { FSWatcher } from 'vite';
 import xxhash from 'xxhash-wasm';
+import { AstroError, AstroErrorData } from '../core/errors/index.js';
 import type { Logger } from '../core/logger/core.js';
 import type { AstroSettings } from '../types/astro.js';
 import type { ContentEntryType, RefreshContentOptions } from '../types/public/content.js';
@@ -266,15 +267,54 @@ export class ContentLayer {
 }
 
 export async function simpleLoader<TData extends { id: string }>(
-	handler: () => Array<TData> | Promise<Array<TData>>,
+	handler: () =>
+		| Array<TData>
+		| Promise<Array<TData>>
+		| Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>
+		| Promise<Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>>,
 	context: LoaderContext,
 ) {
 	const data = await handler();
 	context.store.clear();
-	for (const raw of data) {
-		const item = await context.parseData({ id: raw.id, data: raw });
-		context.store.set({ id: raw.id, data: item });
+	if (Array.isArray(data)) {
+		for (const raw of data) {
+			if (!raw.id) {
+				throw new AstroError({
+					...AstroErrorData.ContentLoaderInvalidDataError,
+					message: AstroErrorData.ContentLoaderInvalidDataError.message(
+						context.collection,
+						`Entry missing ID:\n${JSON.stringify({ ...raw, id: undefined }, null, 2)}`,
+					),
+				});
+			}
+			const item = await context.parseData({ id: raw.id, data: raw });
+			context.store.set({ id: raw.id, data: item });
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if (typeof data === 'object') {
+		for (const [id, raw] of Object.entries(data)) {
+			if (raw.id && raw.id !== id) {
+				throw new AstroError({
+					...AstroErrorData.ContentLoaderInvalidDataError,
+					message: AstroErrorData.ContentLoaderInvalidDataError.message(
+						context.collection,
+						`Object key ${JSON.stringify(id)} does not match ID ${JSON.stringify(raw.id)}`,
+					),
+				});
+			}
+			const item = await context.parseData({ id, data: raw });
+			context.store.set({ id, data: item });
+		}
+		return;
 	}
+	throw new AstroError({
+		...AstroErrorData.ExpectedImageOptions,
+		message: AstroErrorData.ContentLoaderInvalidDataError.message(
+			context.collection,
+			`Invalid data type: ${typeof data}`,
+		),
+	});
 }
 /**
  * Get the path to the data store file.

packages/astro/src/content/utils.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,17 @@ export type ContentLookupMap = {
 	[collectionName: string]: { type: 'content' | 'data'; entries: { [lookupId: string]: string } };
 };
 
+const entryTypeSchema = z
+	.object({
+		id: z
+			.string({
+				invalid_type_error: 'Content entry `id` must be a string',
+				// Default to empty string so we can validate properly in the loader
+			})
+			.catch(''),
+	})
+	.catchall(z.unknown());
+
 const collectionConfigParser = z.union([
 	z.object({
 		type: z.literal('content').optional().default('content'),
@@ -47,18 +58,31 @@ const collectionConfigParser = z.union([
 		loader: z.union([
 			z.function().returns(
 				z.union([
-					z.array(
+					z.array(entryTypeSchema),
+					z.promise(z.array(entryTypeSchema)),
+					z.record(
+						z.string(),
 						z
 							.object({
-								id: z.string(),
+								id: z
+									.string({
+										invalid_type_error: 'Content entry `id` must be a string',
+									})
+									.optional(),
 							})
 							.catchall(z.unknown()),
 					),
+
 					z.promise(
-						z.array(
+						z.record(
+							z.string(),
 							z
 								.object({
-									id: z.string(),
+									id: z
+										.string({
+											invalid_type_error: 'Content entry `id` must be a string',
+										})
+										.optional(),
 								})
 								.catchall(z.unknown()),
 						),
@@ -194,16 +218,19 @@ export async function getEntryDataAndImages<
 			data = parsed.data as TOutputData;
 		} else {
 			if (!formattedError) {
+				const errorType =
+					collectionConfig.type === 'content'
+						? AstroErrorData.InvalidContentEntryFrontmatterError
+						: AstroErrorData.InvalidContentEntryDataError;
 				formattedError = new AstroError({
-					...AstroErrorData.InvalidContentEntryFrontmatterError,
-					message: AstroErrorData.InvalidContentEntryFrontmatterError.message(
-						entry.collection,
-						entry.id,
-						parsed.error,
-					),
+					...errorType,
+					message: errorType.message(entry.collection, entry.id, parsed.error),
 					location: {
-						file: entry._internal.filePath,
-						line: getYAMLErrorLine(entry._internal.rawData, String(parsed.error.errors[0].path[0])),
+						file: entry._internal?.filePath,
+						line: getYAMLErrorLine(
+							entry._internal?.rawData,
+							String(parsed.error.errors[0].path[0]),
+						),
 						column: 0,
 					},
 				});

packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts

@@ -1490,6 +1490,76 @@ export const InvalidContentEntryFrontmatterError = {
 	},
 	hint: 'See https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/content-collections/ for more information on content schemas.',
 } satisfies ErrorData;
+
+/**
+ * @docs
+ * @message
+ * **Example error message:**<br/>
+ * **blog** → **post** frontmatter does not match collection schema.<br/>
+ * "title" is required.<br/>
+ * "date" must be a valid date.
+ * @description
+ * A content entry does not match its collection schema.
+ * Make sure that all required fields are present, and that all fields are of the correct type.
+ * You can check against the collection schema in your `src/content/config.*` file.
+ * See the [Content collections documentation](https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/content-collections/) for more information.
+ */
+export const InvalidContentEntryDataError = {
+	name: 'InvalidContentEntryDataError',
+	title: 'Content entry data does not match schema.',
+	message(collection: string, entryId: string, error: ZodError) {
+		return [
+			`**${String(collection)} → ${String(entryId)}** data does not match collection schema.`,
+			...error.errors.map((zodError) => zodError.message),
+		].join('\n');
+	},
+	hint: 'See https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/content-collections/ for more information on content schemas.',
+} satisfies ErrorData;
+
+/**
+ * @docs
+ * @message
+ * **Example error message:**<br/>
+ * **blog** → **post** data does not match collection schema.<br/>
+ * "title" is required.<br/>
+ * "date" must be a valid date.
+ * @description
+ * A content entry does not match its collection schema.
+ * Make sure that all required fields are present, and that all fields are of the correct type.
+ * You can check against the collection schema in your `src/content/config.*` file.
+ * See the [Content collections documentation](https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/content-collections/) for more information.
+ */
+export const ContentEntryDataError = {
+	name: 'ContentEntryDataError',
+	title: 'Content entry data does not match schema.',
+	message(collection: string, entryId: string, error: ZodError) {
+		return [
+			`**${String(collection)} → ${String(entryId)}** data does not match collection schema.`,
+			...error.errors.map((zodError) => zodError.message),
+		].join('\n');
+	},
+	hint: 'See https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/content-collections/ for more information on content schemas.',
+} satisfies ErrorData;
+
+/**
+ * @docs
+ * @message
+ * **Example error message:**<br/>
+ * The loader for **blog** returned invalid data.<br/>
+ * Object is missing required property "id".
+ * @description
+ * The loader for a content collection returned invalid data.
+ * Inline loaders must return an array of objects with unique ID fields or a plain object with IDs as keys and entries as values.
+ */
+export const ContentLoaderInvalidDataError = {
+	name: 'ContentLoaderInvalidDataError',
+	title: 'Content entry is missing an ID',
+	message(collection: string, extra: string) {
+		return `**${String(collection)}** entry is missing an ID.\n${extra}`;
+	},
+	hint: 'See https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/content-collections/ for more information on content loaders.',
+} satisfies ErrorData;
+
 /**
  * @docs
  * @message `COLLECTION_NAME` → `ENTRY_ID` has an invalid slug. `slug` must be a string.

packages/astro/test/content-layer.test.js

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import { promises as fs } from 'node:fs';
 import { sep } from 'node:path';
 import { sep as posixSep } from 'node:path/posix';
 import { after, before, describe, it } from 'node:test';
-import * as devalue from 'devalue';
 import * as cheerio from 'cheerio';
+import * as devalue from 'devalue';
 
 import { loadFixture } from './test-utils.js';
 describe('Content Layer', () => {
@@ -134,6 +134,23 @@ describe('Content Layer', () => {
 			});
 		});
 
+		it('returns a collection from a simple loader that uses an object', async () => {
+			assert.ok(json.hasOwnProperty('simpleLoaderObject'));
+			assert.ok(Array.isArray(json.simpleLoaderObject));
+			assert.deepEqual(json.simpleLoaderObject[0], {
+				id: 'capybara',
+				collection: 'rodents',
+				data: {
+					name: 'Capybara',
+					scientificName: 'Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris',
+					lifespan: 10,
+					weight: 50000,
+					diet: ['grass', 'aquatic plants', 'bark', 'fruits'],
+					nocturnal: false,
+				},
+			});
+		});
+
 		it('transforms a reference id to a reference object', async () => {
 			assert.ok(json.hasOwnProperty('entryWithReference'));
 			assert.deepEqual(json.entryWithReference.data.cat, { collection: 'cats', id: 'tabby' });
@@ -168,7 +185,7 @@ describe('Content Layer', () => {
 		});
 
 		it('displays public images unchanged', async () => {
-			assert.equal($('img[alt="buzz"]').attr('src'), "/buzz.jpg");
+			assert.equal($('img[alt="buzz"]').attr('src'), '/buzz.jpg');
 		});
 
 		it('renders local images', async () => {

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-layer/src/content/config.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,59 @@ const dogs = defineCollection({
 	}),
 });
 
+const rodents = defineCollection({
+	loader: () => ({
+		capybara: {
+			name: 'Capybara',
+			scientificName: 'Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris',
+			lifespan: 10,
+			weight: 50000,
+			diet: ['grass', 'aquatic plants', 'bark', 'fruits'],
+			nocturnal: false,
+		},
+		hamster: {
+			name: 'Golden Hamster',
+			scientificName: 'Mesocricetus auratus',
+			lifespan: 2,
+			weight: 120,
+			diet: ['seeds', 'nuts', 'insects'],
+			nocturnal: true,
+		},
+		rat: {
+			name: 'Brown Rat',
+			scientificName: 'Rattus norvegicus',
+			lifespan: 2,
+			weight: 350,
+			diet: ['grains', 'fruits', 'vegetables', 'meat'],
+			nocturnal: true,
+		},
+		mouse: {
+			name: 'House Mouse',
+			scientificName: 'Mus musculus',
+			lifespan: 1,
+			weight: 20,
+			diet: ['seeds', 'grains', 'fruits'],
+			nocturnal: true,
+		},
+		guineaPig: {
+			name: 'Guinea Pig',
+			scientificName: 'Cavia porcellus',
+			lifespan: 5,
+			weight: 1000,
+			diet: ['hay', 'vegetables', 'fruits'],
+			nocturnal: false,
+		},
+	}),
+	schema: z.object({
+		name: z.string(),
+		scientificName: z.string(),
+		lifespan: z.number().int().positive(),
+		weight: z.number().positive(),
+		diet: z.array(z.string()),
+		nocturnal: z.boolean(),
+	}),
+});
+
 const cats = defineCollection({
 	loader: async function () {
 		return [
@@ -131,7 +184,7 @@ const increment = defineCollection({
 				data: {
 					lastValue: lastValue + 1,
 					lastUpdated: new Date(),
-					refreshContextData
+					refreshContextData,
 				},
 			});
 		},
@@ -145,4 +198,14 @@ const increment = defineCollection({
 	},
 });
 
-export const collections = { blog, dogs, cats, numbers, spacecraft, increment, images, probes };
+export const collections = {
+	blog,
+	dogs,
+	cats,
+	numbers,
+	spacecraft,
+	increment,
+	images,
+	probes,
+	rodents,
+};

packages/astro/test/fixtures/content-layer/src/pages/collections.json.js

@@ -20,13 +20,16 @@ export async function GET() {
 
 	const images = await getCollection('images');
 
+	const simpleLoaderObject = await getCollection('rodents')
+
 	const probes = await getCollection('probes');
 	return new Response(
 		devalue.stringify({
 			customLoader,
 			fileLoader,
 			dataEntry,
 			simpleLoader,
+			simpleLoaderObject,
 			entryWithReference,
 			entryWithImagePath,
 			referencedEntry,

packages/astro/types/content.d.ts

@@ -60,7 +60,13 @@ declare module 'astro:content' {
 	type ContentLayerConfig<S extends BaseSchema, TData extends { id: string } = { id: string }> = {
 		type?: 'content_layer';
 		schema?: S | ((context: SchemaContext) => S);
-		loader: import('astro/loaders').Loader | (() => Array<TData> | Promise<Array<TData>>);
+		loader:
+			| import('astro/loaders').Loader
+			| (() =>
+					| Array<TData>
+					| Promise<Array<TData>>
+					| Record<string, Omit<TData, 'id'> & { id?: string }>
+					| Promise<Record<string, Omit<TData, 'id'> & { id?: string }>>);
 	};
 
 	type DataCollectionConfig<S extends BaseSchema> = {