Chef Fundamentals

This training is about the basics of the chef. Considering the bellow inputs:

ip 192.168.3.xx
mask 255.255.252.0

At any error check if exist some tip on the Troubleshooting at the end of the page

Steps

1st Creating the project
2nd Registering the node on chef
3rd Creating and applying the first cookbook
4th Listing the result
5ft Using attributes
6th Creating new cookbooks
7th Notifications
8th Queries
10th Role-based Attributes and Merge Order Precedence
11th Environments
12th Chef Supermarket
13th Working chef

1st Creating the project

node 🍲 vagrant init centos/7
node 🍲 vagrant up --provider virtualbox
node 🍲 [manual] Change Vagrantfile to use the given ip/mask and to be public

  config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "[ip]", netmask: "[mask]"

node 🍲 [manual] Change Vagrantfile to disable selinux, it will avoid problems with ports

  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    sudo setenforce 0
    sudo sed -i 's/SELINUX=\(enforcing\|permissive\)/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
  SHELL

chef 🔪 [manual] Create a account at chef.io
chef 🔪 [manual] Download the skeleton project

2nd Registering the node on chef

node 🍲 vagrant destroy
node 🍲 vagrant up
node 🍲 vagrant ssh
node 🍲 ip addr list
chef 🔪 knife list
chef 🔪 knife client list
node 🍲 new_ip=$(vagrant ssh -c "ip address show eth1 | grep 'inet ' | sed -e 's/^.inet //' -e 's//.$//'")
chef 🔪 knife bootstrap $new_ip --sudo -x vagrant -P vagrant -N "node1"

3rd Creating and applying the first cookbook

node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo sed -i '$ a log_level :info' /etc/chef/client.rb"
chef 🔪 knife cookbook create apache
chef 🔪 [manual] Edit apache/recipes/default.rb

package 'httpd' { action :install }
service 'httpd' { action [ :enable, :start ] }
cookbook_file '/var/www/html/index.html' do
  source 'index.html'
  mode '0644'
end

chef 🔪 [manual] Create apache/files/default/index.html with some html content
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload apache
chef 🔪 knife node run_list add node1 "recipe[apache]"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Then check the result on the browser: http://[ip]/

4th Listing the result

chef 🔪 knife node list
chef 🔪 knife node show node1
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "ohai" | less
chef 🔪 knife node show node1 -l
chef 🔪 knife node show node1 -a fqdn
chef 🔪 knife search node ':' -a fqdn

5ft Using attributes

chef 🔪 [manual] Create apache/attributes/default.rb

default['apache']['indexfile'] = 'index1.html'

chef 🔪 [manual] Clone the index.html to index1.html and add something
chef 🔪 [manual] Change the default recipe to use the new property

...
cookbook_file '/var/www/html/index.html' do
  source node['apache']['indexfile']
...

chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload apache
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Then check the result on the browser: http://[ip]/

6th Creating new cookbooks

chef 🔪 knife cookbook create motd
chef 🔪 echo "default['motd']['company'] = 'Chef'" >> cookbooks/motd/attributes/default.rb
chef 🔪 [manual] Add a template to the recipe

template '/etc/motd' do
  source 'motd.erb'
  mode '0644'
end

chef 🔪 [manual] Create motd/template/default/motd.erb

This server is property of <%= node['motd']['company'] %>
<% if node['pci']['in_scope'] -%>
  This server is in-scope for PCI compliance
<% end -%>

chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload motd
chef 🔪 knife cookbook create pci
chef 🔪 echo "default['pci']['in_scope'] = true" >> cookbooks/pci/attributes/default.rb
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload pci
chef 🔪 knife node run_list add node1 "recipe[motd]"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

This will fail because the pci is not associated to motd

chef 🔪 echo "depends 'pci'" >> cookbooks/motd/metadata.rb
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload motd
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Run vagrant ssh to see the message after the login

7th Notifications

chef 🔪 echo "default['apache']['sites']['clowns'] = { 'port' => 80 }" >> cookbooks/apache/attributes/default.rb
chef 🔪 echo "default['apache']['sites']['bears'] = { 'port' => 81 }" >> cookbooks/apache/attributes/default.rb
chef 🔪 [manual] Disable the default virtual host at apache/recipes/default.rb

# Disable the default virtual host
execute 'mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.disable' do
  only_if do
    File.exist? '/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf'
  end
  notifies :restart, 'service[httpd]'
end

chef 🔪 [manual] Remove the cookbook_file block from apache/recipes/default.rb
chef 🔪 [manual] Add the new sites in apache/recipes/default.rb

# Iterate over the apache sites
node['apache']['sites'].each do |site_name,site_data|
  # Set the document root
  document_root = "/var/www/html/#{site_name}"

  template "/etc/httpd/conf.d/#{site_name}.conf" do
    source 'custom.erb'
    mode '0644'
    variables(
      document_root: document_root,
      port: site_data['port']
    )
    notifies :restart, 'service[httpd]'
  end

  directory document_root do
    mode '0755'
    recursive true
  end

  template "#{document_root}/index.html" do
    source 'index.html.erb'
    mode '0644'
    variables(
      site_name: site_name,
      port: site_data['port']
    )
  end
end

chef 🔪 [manual] Create template apache/templates/default/custom.rb from gist 8955103
chef 🔪 [manual] Create template apache/templates/default/index.html.rb from gist 8955080
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload apache
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

This will fail because the custom.rb has a tag without end

chef 🔪 [manual] Fix the template apache/templates/default/custom.rb

...
<Directory <%= @document_root %> >
...

chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload apache
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

This will fail because start service is before the template render

chef 🔪 [manual] Move the service block to the end of the file at apache/recipe/default.rb

...
node['apache']['sites'].each do |site_name,site_data|
...
end

# Service need to start after all the configurations
service 'httpd' do
  action [ :enable, :start ]
end

chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload apache
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Then check the result on the browser: http://[ip]:80/ and http://[ip]:81/

8th Queries

chef 🔪 knife node show node1 -a fqdn -a ipaddress
chef 🔪 knife search node 'ipaddress:10* and platform_family:rhe1'
chef 🔪 [manual] Create recipe apache/recipes/ip-logger.rb

search('node', 'platform:centos').each do |server|
  log "The CentOS servers in your organization have the following FQDN/IP Addresses:- #{server['fqdn']}/#{server['ipaddress']}"
end

chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload apache
chef 🔪 knife node run_list add node1 "recipe[apache::ip-logger]"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

The log will print the message

chef 🔪 knife node run_list remove node1 "recipe[apache::ip-logger]"

9th User and groups

chef 🔪 mkdir -p data_bags/users
chef 🔪 knife data_bag create users
chef 🔪 Create the file data_bags/users/bobo.json

{
  "id": "bobo",
  "comment": "Bobo T. Chown",
  "uid": 2000,
  "gid": 0,
  "home": "/home/bobo",
  "shell": "/bin/bash"
}

chef 🔪 knife data_bag from file users bobo.json
chef 🔪 Create the file data_bags/users/frank.json

{
  "id": "frank",
  "comment": "Frank Belson",
  "uid": 2001,
  "gid": 0,
  "home": "/home/frank",
  "shell": "/bin/bash"
}

chef 🔪 knife data_bag from file users frank.json
chef 🔪 knife search users ':'
chef 🔪 knife search users 'id:bobo' -a shell
chef 🔪 mkdir -p data_bags/groups
chef 🔪 knife data_bag create groups
chef 🔪 Create the file data_bags/groups/clowns.json

{
  "id": "clowns",
  "gid": 3000,
  "members": ["bobo","frank"]
}

chef 🔪 knife data_bag from file groups clowns.json
chef 🔪 knife search groups ':'
chef 🔪 knife cookbook create users
chef 🔪 [manual] Edit the recipe users/recipes/default.rb

search('users', '*:*').each do |user_data|
  user user_data['id'] do
    comment user_data['comment']
    uid user_data['uid']
    gid user_data['gid']
    home user_data['home']
    shell user_data['shell']
  end
end

include_recipe 'users::groups'

chef 🔪 [manual] Create a new recipe users/recipes/groups.rb

search('groups', '*:*').each do |group_data|
  group group_data['id'] do
    gid group_data['gid']
    members group_data['members']
  end
end

chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload users
chef 🔪 knife node run_list add node1 "recipe[users]"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "cat /etc/group | grep clowns"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "cat /etc/passwd | grep 200"

10th Role-based Attributes and Merge Order Precedence

node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "setenforce 0;sed -i 's/SELINUX=(enforcing|permissive)/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config"

I updated the 1st part, you can put this command on the vagrantfile to avoid do it manual and also to avoid problems if you need to recreate the node from scratch

node 🍲 vagrant reload
chef 🔪 [manual] Create new role file roles/webserver.rb

name 'webserver'
description 'web Server'
run_list 'recipe[apache]'
default_attributes({
                     apache: {
                       sites: {
                         admin: {
                           port: 8000
                         },
                         bears: {
                           port: 8001
                         }
                       }
                     }
})

chef 🔪 knife role from file webserver.rb
chef 🔪 knife role show webserver
chef 🔪 [manual] Go on the manager server at Nodes > Edit Run List
chef 🔪 [manual] Drag webserver to the run list and remove the apache
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Then check the result on the browser: http://[ip]:8000/ and http://[ip]:8001/

chef 🔪 [manual] Create new role file roles/base.rb

name 'base'
description 'Base Server Role'
run_list 'recipe[motd]', 'recipe[users]'

chef 🔪 knife role from file base.rb
chef 🔪 [manual] Edit roles/webserver.rb

...
run_list 'role[base]','recipe[apache]'
...

chef 🔪 knife role from file webserver.rb
chef 🔪 knife node run_list remove node1 "recipe[motd]"
chef 🔪 knife node run_list remove node1 "recipe[users]"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Then check the result on the browser: http://[ip]:8000/ and http://[ip]:8001/

11th Environments

chef 🔪 mkdir environments
chef 🔪 [manual] Create the environment file environments/dev.rb

name 'dev'
description 'For developers!'
cookbook 'apache', '= 0.2.0'

chef 🔪 knife environment from file dev.rb
chef 🔪 knife environment show dev
chef 🔪 [manual] Go on the manager server at Nodes
chef 🔪 [manual] Change the enviroment of the node1 to use dev
chef 🔪 [manual] Create the environment file environments/production.rb

name 'production'
description 'For prods!'
cookbook 'apache', '= 0.1.0'
override_attributes({
  pci: {
    in_scope: true
  }
})

chef 🔪 knife environment from file production.rb
chef 🔪 knife node environment_set node1 production
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

12th Chef Supermarket

chef 🔪 [manual] Go to supermarket
chef 🔪 [manual] Search chef-client

You will see all the information about this cookbook and others

chef 🔪 knife cookbook site search chef-client
chef 🔪 knife cookbook site show chef-client

Like the browser, a command way to search for new cookbooks

chef 🔪 knife cookbook site download chef-client
chef 🔪 tar -zxvf chef-client*.tar.gz -C cookbooks
chef 🔪 [manual] Check the file chef-client/recipes/delete_validation.rb
chef 🔪 [manual] Edit the role roles/base.rb

...
run_list "recipe[chef-client::delete_validation]", "recipe[motd]", "recipe[users]"

chef 🔪 knife role from file base.rb
chef 🔪 [manual] Check the file chef-client/recipes/default.rb

This class is just the default call and will delegate to the service recipe

chef 🔪 [manual] Check the file chef-client/recipes/service.rb
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload chef-client

Will fail with dependence to cron

chef 🔪 [manual] knife cookbook site download cron
chef 🔪 [manual] tar -zxvf cron*.tar.gz -C cookbooks
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload cron
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload chef-client

Will fail with dependence to log rotate

chef 🔪 knife cookbook site download logrotate
chef 🔪 tar -zxvf logrotate*.tar.gz -C cookbooks
chef 🔪 knife cookbook site download windows
chef 🔪 tar -zxvf windows*.tar.gz -C cookbooks
chef 🔪 knife cookbook site download chef_handler
chef 🔪 tar -zxvf chef_handler*.tar.gz -C cookbooks
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload logrotate
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload chef_handler
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload windows
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload chef-client
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Finally, it will delete the validation pem

chef 🔪 knife cookbook site download ntp
chef 🔪 tar -zxvf ntp*.tar.gz -C cookbooks/
chef 🔪 knife cookbook upload ntp
chef 🔪 [manual] Edit the role roles/base.rb

...
run_list "recipe[chef-client::delete_validation]", "recipe[chef-client]", "recipe[motd]", "recipe[users]"

chef 🔪 knife role from file base.rb
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

Cool, finally done

13th Working chef

Just read the pdf XD

Troubleshooting

To solve the clock problem that happens on Mac, put this line in the Vagrantfile.

config.vm.provision :shell, :inline => "sudo rm /etc/localtime && sudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Sao_Paulo /etc/localtime", run: "always"

To solve the problem with the kitchen about the conflicts of gems, just drop the file ~/.checfdk2.
If you need to destroy and create again
node 🍲 vagrant destroy
node 🍲 vagrant up
node 🍲 new_ip=$(vagrant ssh -c "ip address show eth1 | grep 'inet ' | sed -e 's/^.inet //' -e 's//.$//'")
node 🍲 ssh-keygen -R ${new_ip//[^([:alnum:]|\.)]/}
chef 🔪 knife node delete node1
chef 🔪 (cd ../chef-repo;knife bootstrap $new_ip --sudo -x vagrant -P vagrant -N "node1")
chef 🔪 knife node run_list add node1 "role[webserver]"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo sed -i '$ a log_level :info' /etc/chef/client.rb"
node 🍲 vagrant ssh -c "sudo chef-client"

You can use the script at node/recreate.sh

node 🍲 sh recreate.sh

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 12 Commits
chef-repo		chef-repo
node		node
.gitignore		.gitignore
README.md		README.md

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Chef Fundamentals

Steps

1st Creating the project

2nd Registering the node on chef

3rd Creating and applying the first cookbook

4th Listing the result

5ft Using attributes

6th Creating new cookbooks

7th Notifications

8th Queries

9th User and groups

10th Role-based Attributes and Merge Order Precedence

11th Environments

12th Chef Supermarket

13th Working chef

Troubleshooting

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Chef Fundamentals

Steps

1st Creating the project

2nd Registering the node on chef

3rd Creating and applying the first cookbook

4th Listing the result

5ft Using attributes

6th Creating new cookbooks

7th Notifications

8th Queries

9th User and groups

10th Role-based Attributes and Merge Order Precedence

11th Environments

12th Chef Supermarket

13th Working chef

Troubleshooting

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