Fix Docker container build for local dev and debugging (#1598)

* Fix Dockerfile multi-stage builds, closes #1597.

* Add maven.restlet.org workaround.

If the TLS cert is bad, it will break local build just like
maven building Java deps in GHA.

* Fix directory safety for doctor, closes #1600.

* Somehow, docs/run-server.sh set to non-executable again.

build/Dockerfile

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-FROM ubuntu:22.04 as base-environment
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 as oscal-os-dependencies
 
 ENV TZ=US/Eastern
-RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
-
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade -y
-
-FROM base-environment as oscal-os-dependencies
-
-RUN apt-get install -y \
-    apt-utils build-essential git jq libxml2-utils maven nodejs npm python3-pip unzip wget && \
+RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone && \
+    apt-get update && \
+    apt-get dist-upgrade -y && \
+    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
+        apt-utils build-essential git jq libxml2-utils maven nodejs npm python3-pip unzip wget && \
     apt-get clean
 
 FROM golang:1.19.4-bullseye as oscal-hugo-build
@@ -50,4 +47,6 @@ ENV SAXON_HOME=/opt/oscal
 ENV CALABASH_HOME=${SAXON_HOME}
 ENV PATH=/opt/oscal/node_modules/.bin:${PATH}
 
+RUN git config --global --add safe.directory /oscal
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash"]