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FIRECAM

FIRECAM: Fire Inventories - Regional Evaluation, Comparison, and Metrics

FIRECAM is an online app for end-users to diagnose and explore regional differences in fire emissions from five global fire emissions inventories:

  1. Global Fire Emissions Database (GFEDv4s; van der Werf et al., 2017)
  2. Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINNv1.5; Wiedinmyer et al., 2011)
  3. Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.2; Kaiser et al., 2012)
  4. Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFEDv2.5r1; Darmenov and da Silva, 2013)
  5. Fire Energetics and Emissions Research (FEERv1.0-G1.2; Ichoku and Ellison, 2014)

Please see our website for more information.

FIRECAM can be accessed through (1) Earth Engine Apps and (2) the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Javascript playground. While EE Apps facilitates access to FIRECAM for any user (GEE account not required), accessing the FIRECAM repository in the GEE playground allows rapid exports of timeseries and additional data analysis. The latter is also a fallback option if EE Apps is running too slowly.

Ancillary Apps

  • GFEDv4s Explorer: Explore GFEDv4s emissions (1997-2016, 2017-2020 beta estimates) for burned area and all available chemical species, partitioned by land use/land cover
    • Note: Burned area from small fires is approximate based on the small fire fraction for emissions
  • GFEDv4s Animated Burned Area: Visualize the seasonality of GFEDv4s burned area.
    • Note: GFEDv4s BA is averaged into monthly means. Please wait until all the images load (check the layer list in the upper-right hand corner of the map) before clicking 'Play.'
  • GFEDv4s Explorer, with Andreae (2019) EFs: How much does the Andreae (2019, ACP) emissions factors updates impact GFEDv4s emissions?
  • FIRMS Explorer: Plot daily timeseries of near-real-time active fire counts from FIRMS/MODIS by region

FIRECAM App

(Earth Engine Apps, no Google Earth Engine account required)

banner image

Step 1: Time Range

Select a time range. Use the start year and end year sliders to select a time range for the annual and monthly regional emissions time series charts.

Step 2: Select Bounds Type and Region/Pixel of Interest

Select a bounds type. Choose 1) "Global," 2) "Basis Region," 3) "Country/Sub-Region," 4) "Pixel," 5) "Custom," or 6) "Draw."

  1. Global: all grid cells within GFEDv4s bounds (Note: monthly time series plot only shown for individual years)
  2. Basis Region: 14 broad geographic regions from GFEDv4s (van der Werf et al., 2017).
  3. Country/Sub-Region: countries and sub-regions from simplified Large Scale International Boundary (LSIB) Polygons; those with negligible fire emissions were excluded
  4. Pixel: individual grid cells, 0.5° x 0.5° spatial resolution; the centroid of the selected grid cell is displayed on the map
  5. Custom: user-defined polygon using an array of longitude, latitude coordinates; the tool re-defines the polygon to match the 0.5° x 0.5° grid of the basis regions
  6. Draw: user-defined polygon, drawn interactively on the base map; the tool re-defines the polygon to match the 0.5° x 0.5° grid of the basis regions

    banner image

Step 3: Species

Select a species. The six available species are CO2, CO, CH4, organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

Regional Emissions

After clicking the submit button, please wait a few seconds for the default map layers and three charts to display. Note that for large regions, such as BOAS, and long time ranges, calculations for the monthly and annual time series can take up to a few minutes. The three charts (annual average from 2003-2016 and two time series charts, yearly and monthly emissions by inventory), can be viewed in a new tab and exported as tables or images. Map layers consist of emissions at 0.5° x 0.5° spatial resolution for a given species for each of the five global fire emissions inventories and fire relative fire confidence metrics (described below) at 0.25° x 0.25° spatial resolution. The distribution of peatlands (0.25° x 0.25°), based on GFEDv4s emissions from 2003-2016, and MODIS land use/land cover map (500 m, MCD12Q1 C6), based on FINNv1.0 aggregated vegetation classes, are also available as map layers. (Tip: Zoom in or zoom out in the web browser to adjust the displayed text.)

Relative Fire Confidence Metrics

# Metric Range Units Description
1 BA-AFA Discrepancy -1 to 1 unitless discrepancy between burned area (BA; MCD64A1) and active fire area (AFA; MxD14A1), calculated as a normalized index using the area of BA outside AFA and AFA outside BA
2 Cloud-Haze Obscuration 0 to 1 unitless degree to which clouds and/or haze obscure the land surface from satellite observations of fires during fire-prone months
3 Burn Size/ Fragmentation ≥ 0 km2 / fragment average size of burned area per burn scar fragment (large, contiguous versus small, fragmented fire landscapes)
4 Topography Variance ≥ 0 m2 roughness in terrain, expressed as the variance in elevation across neighboring pixels (flat versus mountainous)
5 VIIRS FRP Outside MODIS Burn Extent 0 to 1 unitless additional small fires from VIIRS (375 m), a sensor with higher spatial resolution than MODIS (500 m, 1 km)

(Google Earth Engine account required)

Step 1: Sign up for a free Google Earth Engine account

Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a powerful cloud-computing platform for geospatial analysis and capable of computations with petabyte-scale datasets. To sign up, simply fill out a form and wait for an email. GEE works best with the Google Chrome web browser.

Step 2: The FIRECAM online tool repository

Copy and paste the following link in a tab in Google Chrome to enter the GEE Javascript playground and add the FIRECAM repository to your account under the read-only permissions folder in one step:

https://code.earthengine.google.com/?accept_repo=users/embrslab/FIRECAM

The repository should then appear in the top-left panel under 'Reader' as 'users/embrslab/FIRECAM'. The GEE Javascript playground is a code editor with a map and console to display or print results.

Step 3: Diving into the GUI

Click the 'Apps/UI_FIRECAM.js' script in the 'users/embrslab/FIRECAM' repository. The script should appear in the code editor. Click 'Run' in the top-right corner of the code editor to activate the user interface. The repository also contains a script to export monthly and annual timeseries data ('Exports/UI_FIRECAM_Exports.js').

Julian Day (Day of Year)

Non-Leap Years

Day of Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 1 32 60 91 121 152 182 213 244 274 305 335
2 2 33 61 92 122 153 183 214 245 275 306 336
3 3 34 62 93 123 154 184 215 246 276 307 337
4 4 35 63 94 124 155 185 216 247 277 308 338
5 5 36 64 95 125 156 186 217 248 278 309 339
6 6 37 65 96 126 157 187 218 249 279 310 340
7 7 38 66 97 127 158 188 219 250 280 311 341
8 8 39 67 98 128 159 189 220 251 281 312 342
9 9 40 68 99 129 160 190 221 252 282 313 343
10 10 41 69 100 130 161 191 222 253 283 314 344
11 11 42 70 101 131 162 192 223 254 284 315 345
12 12 43 71 102 132 163 193 224 255 285 316 346
13 13 44 72 103 133 164 194 225 256 286 317 347
14 14 45 73 104 134 165 195 226 257 287 318 348
15 15 46 74 105 135 166 196 227 258 288 319 349
16 16 47 75 106 136 167 197 228 259 289 320 350
17 17 48 76 107 137 168 198 229 260 290 321 351
18 18 49 77 108 138 169 199 230 261 291 322 352
19 19 50 78 109 139 170 200 231 262 292 323 353
20 20 51 79 110 140 171 201 232 263 293 324 354
21 21 52 80 111 141 172 202 233 264 294 325 355
22 22 53 81 112 142 173 203 234 265 295 326 356
23 23 54 82 113 143 174 204 235 266 296 327 357
24 24 55 83 114 144 175 205 236 267 297 328 358
25 25 56 84 115 145 176 206 237 268 298 329 359
26 26 57 85 116 146 177 207 238 269 299 330 360
27 27 58 86 117 147 178 208 239 270 300 331 361
28 28 59 87 118 148 179 209 240 271 301 332 362
29 29 88 119 149 180 210 241 272 302 333 363
30 30 89 120 150 181 211 242 273 303 334 364
31 31 90 151 212 243 304 365

Leap Years

Day of Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 1 32 61 92 122 153 183 214 245 275 306 336
2 2 33 62 93 123 154 184 215 246 276 307 337
3 3 34 63 94 124 155 185 216 247 277 308 338
4 4 35 64 95 125 156 186 217 248 278 309 339
5 5 36 65 96 126 157 187 218 249 279 310 340
6 6 37 66 97 127 158 188 219 250 280 311 341
7 7 38 67 98 128 159 189 220 251 281 312 342
8 8 39 68 99 129 160 190 221 252 282 313 343
9 9 40 69 100 130 161 191 222 253 283 314 344
10 10 41 70 101 131 162 192 223 254 284 315 345
11 11 42 71 102 132 163 193 224 255 285 316 346
12 12 43 72 103 133 164 194 225 256 286 317 347
13 13 44 73 104 134 165 195 226 257 287 318 348
14 14 45 74 105 135 166 196 227 258 288 319 349
15 15 46 75 106 136 167 197 228 259 289 320 350
16 16 47 76 107 137 168 198 229 260 290 321 351
17 17 48 77 108 138 169 199 230 261 291 322 352
18 18 49 78 109 139 170 200 231 262 292 323 353
19 19 50 79 110 140 171 201 232 263 293 324 354
20 20 51 80 111 141 172 202 233 264 294 325 355
21 21 52 81 112 142 173 203 234 265 295 326 356
22 22 53 82 113 143 174 204 235 266 296 327 357
23 23 54 83 114 144 175 205 236 267 297 328 358
24 24 55 84 115 145 176 206 237 268 298 329 359
25 25 56 85 116 146 177 207 238 269 299 330 360
26 26 57 86 117 147 178 208 239 270 300 331 361
27 27 58 87 118 148 179 209 240 271 301 332 362
28 28 59 88 119 149 180 210 241 272 302 333 363
29 29 60 89 120 150 181 211 242 273 303 334 364
30 30 90 121 151 182 212 243 274 304 335 365
31 31 91 152 213 244 305 366

Updates

  • April 2023: updated FIRECAM, SMOKE-FIRECAM, and GFEDv4s apps with 2022 emissions; added python code to download GFAS from the new CDS API; updated readme in fire_inv.
  • February 2022: updated FIRECAM, SMOKE-FIRECAM, and GFEDv4s apps with 2021 emissions
  • July 2021: updated FIRECAM, SMOKE-FIRECAM, and GFEDv4s apps with 2020 emissions
  • February 2021: re-uploaded FINNv1.5 for 2018 and 2019 based on the most recent version of the annual text files; note that 2019 emissions were higher in the near-real-time files used before
  • November 2020: added url support for saving the app state, cumulative sum plot, and pan map option in FIRMS app
  • August 2020: added FIRMS ancillary app
  • July 2020: added daily timeseries for GFEDv4s app
  • April 2020: updated FIRECAM and SMOKE-FIRECAM apps with 2019 emissions
  • January 2020: updated ancillary GFEDv4s apps with preliminary 2019 emissions
  • October 2019: fixed FIRECAM emissions layers with 0.5° x 0.5° reprojection, updated FINNv1.5 emissions for 2016 with revised files from NCAR, added 2017-2018 emissions for all inventories; updated FIRECAM exports to allow user-defined polygons; added SMOKE-FIRECAM Tool
  • September 2019: added "Draw" option to FIRECAM and GFEDv4s apps; added GFEDv4s monthly averaged burned area animation and GFEDv4s with Andreae (2019) EFs ancillary apps
  • February 2019: added data download/processing code under the "fire_inv" subfolder; added "Country/Sub-Region" and "Pixel" options to FIRECAM app; created ancillary app for GFEDv4s (GFEDv4s Explorer)
  • March 2019: added "Country/Sub-Region" and "Pixel" options to FIRECAM exports
  • May 2019: added R/EE code for calculating the relative fire confidence metrics under the "fire_metrics" subfolder; added "Global" and "Custom" options to FIRECAM, GFEDv4s apps

Publications

  1. Liu, T., L.J. Mickley, R.S. DeFries, M.E. Marlier, M.F. Khan, M.T. Latif, and A. Karambelas (2020). Diagnosing spatial uncertainties and relative biases in global fire emissions inventories: Indonesia as regional case study. Remote Sens. Environ. 237, 111557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111557

  2. van der Werf, G.R., J.T. Randerson, L. Giglio, T.T. van Leeuwen, Y. Chen, B.M. Rogers, M. Mu, M.J.E. van Marle, D.C. Morton, G.J. Collatz, R.J. Yokelson, and P.S. Kasibhatla (2017). Global fire emissions estimates during 1997-2016. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 9, 697–720. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017

  3. Wiedinmyer, C., S.K. Akagi, R.J. Yokelson, L.K. Emmons, J.J. Orlando, and A.J. Soja (2011). The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning. Geosci. Model Dev. 4, 625–641. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011

  4. Kaiser, J.W., A. Heil, M.O. Andreae, A. Benedetti, N. Chubarova, L. Jones, J.J. Morcrette, M. Razinger, M.G. Schultz, M. Suttie, and G.R. van der Werf (2012). Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power. Biogeosciences 9, 527–554. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-527-2012

  5. Darmenov, A.S. and A. da Silva (2013). The Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED) - Documentation of versions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.4, NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, Volume 32. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.406.7724

  6. Ichoku, C. and L. Ellison (2014). Global top-down smoke-aerosol emissions estimation using satellite fire radiative power measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14, 6643–6667. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6643-2014

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FIRECAM: Fire Inventories - Regional Evaluation, Comparison, and Metrics

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