Upgrade Prometheus common and Prometheus to latest main #14239

Job	Run time
Go build for different platforms	8m 50s
Linters (Static Analysis) for Go	2m 18s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 0)	4m 19s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 1)	3m 0s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 2)	3m 10s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 3)	3m 52s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 4)	6m 45s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 5)	3m 20s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 6)	3m 36s
Thanos end-to-end tests (8, 7)	3m 25s
	42m 35s

Provide feedback