feat(protocol): cherry-pick changes in #13809 into alpha-3 branch

[davidtaikocha]

No description provided.

[github-actions]

Overall, this pull request appears to be making changes to scale up damping factor and flatten curve.

• In TaikoConfig.sol, the adjustmentQuotient is changed from 16 to 32000.
• In TaikoData.sol, the adjustmentQuotient type is changed from uint8 to uint16.
• In DeployOnL1.s.sol, the type used for the parameter passed to LibLn.calcInitProofTimeIssued is changed from uint8 to uint16.
• In DetermineNewProofTimeIssued.s.sol, the constants for the desired proof time target and adjustment quotient are changed from 500 and 16 to 160 and 32000.
• In LibLn.sol, the type used for the parameter passed to calcInitProofTimeIssued is changed from uint8 to uint16.
• In TaikoL1.sim.sol, the constants for initial proof time target, next block time, min diff to block prop time, start block propose time, and upper dev to block prove time are changed from various values to new values that appear more appropriate for a mainnet scenario.
• In TaikoL1TestBase.t.sol, the constant for adjustment quotient is changed from 16 to
  32000.