Revert "Revert "Update lowest supported Rust to 1.71.1"" #1062

Job	Run time
lowest-environment-checks (python-setuptools python3-dbus-client-gen python3-dbus-python-client-g...	58s
test-runs (make -f Makefile all-tests, RUST_LOG=stratisd=debug, fedora:38)	9m 52s
test-runs (make -f Makefile coverage-no-html, fedora:38)	9m 56s
test-runs (make -f Makefile all-tests, RUST_LOG=stratisd=debug, fedora:34)	11m 0s
python-checks (bandit pylint python3-dateutil python3-dbus-client-gen python3-dbus-python-client-...	1m 14s
python-checks (black python3-isort, make -f Makefile fmt-ci)	1m 9s
python-checks (shfmt, make -f Makefile fmt-shell-ci)	1m 5s
python-checks (yamllint, make -f Makefile yamllint)	1m 27s
	36m 41s

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