00397: PEP 706, CVE-2007-4559: Filter API for tarfile.extractall

Add API for allowing checks on the content of tar files, allowing callers to mitigate
directory traversal (CVE-2007-4559) and related issues.

Python 3.12 will warn if this API is not used.
Python 3.14 will fail if it's not used.

Backport from python#102950

Change document: https://peps.python.org/pep-0706/

Doc/library/shutil.rst

@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ provided.  They rely on the :mod:`zipfile` and :mod:`tarfile` modules.
    Remove the archive format *name* from the list of supported formats.
 
 
-.. function:: unpack_archive(filename[, extract_dir[, format]])
+.. function:: unpack_archive(filename[, extract_dir[, format[, filter]]])
 
    Unpack an archive. *filename* is the full path of the archive.
 
@@ -551,6 +551,24 @@ provided.  They rely on the :mod:`zipfile` and :mod:`tarfile` modules.
    registered for that extension.  In case none is found,
    a :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
 
+   The keyword-only *filter* argument, which was added in Python 3.6.16,
+   is passed to the underlying unpacking function.
+   For zip files, *filter* is not accepted.
+   For tar files, it is recommended to set it to ``'data'``,
+   unless using features specific to tar and UNIX-like filesystems.
+   (See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details.)
+   The ``'data'`` filter will become the default for tar files
+   in Python 3.14.
+
+   .. warning::
+
+      Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection.
+      It is possible that files are created outside of the path specified in
+      the *extract_dir* argument, e.g. members that have absolute filenames
+      starting with "/" or filenames with two dots "..".
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.6.16
+      Added the *filter* argument.
 
 .. function:: register_unpack_format(name, extensions, function[, extra_args[, description]])
 
@@ -559,11 +577,14 @@ provided.  They rely on the :mod:`zipfile` and :mod:`tarfile` modules.
    ``.zip`` for Zip files.
 
    *function* is the callable that will be used to unpack archives. The
-   callable will receive the path of the archive, followed by the directory
-   the archive must be extracted to.
-
-   When provided, *extra_args* is a sequence of ``(name, value)`` tuples that
-   will be passed as keywords arguments to the callable.
+   callable will receive:
+
+   - the path of the archive, as a positional argument;
+   - the directory the archive must be extracted to, as a positional argument;
+   - possibly a *filter* keyword argument, if it was given to
+     :func:`unpack_archive`;
+   - additional keyword arguments, specified by *extra_args* as a sequence
+     of ``(name, value)`` tuples.
 
    *description* can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned
    by the :func:`get_unpack_formats` function.