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Rust project promote the wasm32-wasip2 target to Tier 2
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| --- | ||
| title: 'Rust project promote the wasm32-wasip2 target to Tier 2' | ||
| excerpt: 'Rust project promote the wasm32-wasip2 target to Tier 2' | ||
| date: 2024-07-28 13:31:27 | ||
| tags: | ||
| - Linux | ||
| - Rust | ||
| - WASM | ||
| categories: [Programming] | ||
| --- | ||
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| # Rust project promote the wasm32-wasip2 target to Tier 2 | ||
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| The `wasm32-wasip2` target is an extension to `wasm32-wasip1` target, originally known as `wasm32-wasi`. It is the next evolution in the development of WASI (the WebAssembly System Interface) that uses the WebAssembly component model to allow for a standardized set of syscalls that are intended to empower WebAssembly binaries with native host capabilities. This target is **cross-compiled**. The target supports `std` fully. | ||
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| On February 28, 2024, Rust [merged the tier 3 target `wasm32-wasip2`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/119616); on July 17, 2024, the [target `wasm32-wasip2` was promoted to tier 2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/126967). | ||
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| WASI has released two milestone versions, [**0.1**](https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/main/legacy/preview1/docs.md) and [**0.2**](https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/main/preview2/README.md). They correspond to Rust targets [`wasm32-wasip1`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support/wasm32-wasip1.html) and [`wasm32-wasip2`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support/wasm32-wasip2.html) respectively. | ||
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| WASI Preview 2 represents a major milestone for WASI. It marks the moment when WASI has fully rebased on the **Wit IDL** and the **component model** type system and semantics, making it modular, fully virtualizable, and accessible to a wide variety of source languages. | ||
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| WASI Preview 2 is also known as “WASI 0.2”, and corresponds to versions numbered `0.2.x` in Wit packages and related identifiers. It is also known as “WASIp2”, where the “p” stands for either “preview” or “point”. | ||
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| WASI Preview 2 contains the following APIs: | ||
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| | Proposal | Versions | | ||
| | ---------------- | -------- | | ||
| | wasi-io | 0.2.0 | | ||
| | wasi-clocks | 0.2.0 | | ||
| | wasi-random | 0.2.0 | | ||
| | wasi-filesystem | 0.2.0 | | ||
| | wasi-sockets | 0.2.0 | | ||
| | wasi-cli | 0.2.0 | | ||
| | wasi-http | 0.2.0 | | ||
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| ## What You Need | ||
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| - ✓ `WASI SDK 23.0` or later | ||
| - ✓ `wasmtime 23.0.1` or later | ||
| - ⍻ `WasmEdge 0.14.0` or later (wasm32-wasip1 only) | ||
| - ⍻ `wasmer 4.3.5` or later (wasm32-wasip1 only) | ||
| - ⍻ `wasmi 0.36.0` or later (No binary packages, requires `rust 1.77.0` or newer to compile) (wasm32-wasip1 only) | ||
| - ⍻ `wazero 1.7.3` or later (wasm32-wasip1 only) | ||
| - ⍻ `WebAssembly Micro Runtime 2.1.1` or later (wasm32-wasip1 only) | ||
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| ## WASI SDK | ||
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| Let's first use the classic **Hello World** program to test the each WASI implementation: | ||
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| ### hello.c | ||
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| ```c | ||
| #include <stdio.h> | ||
| int main(void) | ||
| { | ||
| fprintf(stdout, "Hello, World!\n"); | ||
| return 0; | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
| ### wasm32-wasip1 | ||
| Generate WASM files for target `wasm32-wasip1`: | ||
| ```bash | ||
| # /opt/wasi-sdk-23/bin/clang -v -Wl,--version --target=wasm32-wasip1 | ||
| # /opt/wasi-sdk-23/bin/clang --target=wasm32-wasip1 -o hello-p1.wasm hello.c | ||
| # file hello-p1.wasm | ||
| hello-p1.wasm: WebAssembly (wasm) binary module version 0x1 (MVP) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| All 6 WASI implementations used in this article support the target `wasm32-wasip1`: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wasmtime hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wasmedge hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wasmer hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wasmi_cli hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wazero run hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # iwasm hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### wasm32-wasip2 | ||
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| Generate WASM files for target `wasm32-wasip2`: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # /opt/wasi-sdk-23/bin/clang -v -Wl,--version --target=wasm32-wasip2 | ||
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| # /opt/wasi-sdk-23/bin/clang --target=wasm32-wasip2 -o hello-p2.wasm hello.c | ||
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| # file hello-p2.wasm | ||
| hello-p2.wasm: WebAssembly (wasm) binary module version 0x1000d | ||
| ``` | ||
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| #### wasmtime | ||
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| Earlier versions of `wasmtime` would report an error: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wasmtime hello-p2.wasm | ||
| Error: cannot execute a component without `--wasm component-model` | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The new version of `wasmtime` has no problem: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wasmtime hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
| ``` | ||
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| #### wasmedge | ||
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| `wasmedge` runs with an error, requiring component model support to be enabled: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wasmedge hello-p2.wasm | ||
| [error] loading failed: illegal opcode, Code: 0x117 | ||
| [error] This instruction or syntax requires enabling Component Model proposal | ||
| [error] Bytecode offset: 0x00000004 | ||
| [error] At AST node: component | ||
| [error] File name: "hello-p2.wasm" | ||
| ``` | ||
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| In fact, it is still unsuccessful to enable support for the component model: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| root@wsl2-leap:~# wasmedge --enable-component hello-p2.wasm | ||
| [warning] component model is enabled, this is experimental. | ||
| [warning] component model is an experimental proposal | ||
| [error] Might an invalid wasm file | ||
| [error] loading failed: magic header not detected, Code: 0x103 | ||
| [error] Bytecode offset: 0x000410a9 | ||
| [error] At AST node: component | ||
| [error] At AST node: component | ||
| [error] File name: "hello-p2.wasm" | ||
| ``` | ||
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| #### wasmer | ||
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| `wasmer` does not support **WASI 0.2** yet: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wasmer run hello-p2.wasm | ||
| error: Unable to compile "hello-p2.wasm" | ||
| ╰─▶ 1: compile error | ||
| ``` | ||
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| #### wasmi | ||
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| `wasmi` does not support **WASI 0.2** yet: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wasmi_cli hello-p2.wasm | ||
| Error: failed to parse and validate Wasm module "hello-p2.wasm": unknown binary version: 0xd, note: the WebAssembly component model feature is not enabled (at offset 0x0) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| #### wazero | ||
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| `wazero` does not support **WASI 0.2** yet: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wazero run hello-p2.wasm | ||
| error compiling wasm binary: invalid version header | ||
| ``` | ||
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| #### WebAssembly Micro Runtime | ||
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| **WebAssembly Micro Runtime** does not support WASI 0.2 yet: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # iwasm hello-p2.wasm | ||
| WASM module load failed: unknown binary version | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ## Rust | ||
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| Let's test each WASI implementation with a **Rust** implementation of the classic **Hello World** program: | ||
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| ### hello.rs | ||
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| ```rust | ||
| fn main() { | ||
| println!("Hello, World!"); | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### wasm32-wasip1 | ||
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| Generate WASM files for target `wasm32-wasip1`: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # rustc -v --target wasm32-wasip1 -o hello-p1.wasm hello.rs | ||
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| # file hello-p1.wasm | ||
| hello-p1.wasm: WebAssembly (wasm) binary module version 0x1 (MVP) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| All 6 WASI implementations used in this article support the target `wasm32-wasip1`: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # wasmtime hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wasmedge hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wasmer hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wasmi_cli hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # wazero run hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
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| # iwasm hello-p1.wasm | ||
| Hello, World! | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### wasm32-wasip2 | ||
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| Generate WASM files for target wasm32-wasip2: | ||
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| ```bash | ||
| # rustc -v --target wasm32-wasip1 -o hello-p1.wasm hello.rs | ||
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| # file hello-p1.wasm | ||
| hello-p1.wasm: WebAssembly (wasm) binary module version 0x1 (MVP) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ## Wrapping Up | ||
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| The component model is expected to add `future` and `stream` keywords, which will provide integrated and composable `async` functionality. WASI Preview 3 is planned to be a major revision of the Preview 2 APIs using these new features in place of `wasi-io`'s streams and polling interfaces. It's also expected to incorporate lessons learned from implementation and user experience with Preview 2. | ||
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| When Preview 3 is launched, implementations may continue to support Preview 2, either by implementing Preview 3 along side it, or by virtualizing (polyfilling) Preview 2 in terms of Preview 3. | ||
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| The release criteria of Preview 3 will include that performance will be measured and addressed. | ||
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| ## Reference | ||
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| - [WASI-enabled WebAssembly C/C++ toolchain - https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/) | ||
| - [WASI Preview 2 - https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/tree/main/preview2](https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/tree/main/preview2) | ||
| - [Changes to Rust's WASI targets - https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/04/09/updates-to-rusts-wasi-targets.html](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/04/09/updates-to-rusts-wasi-targets.html) | ||
| - [New Tier-3 target: wasm32-wasi-preview2 - https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/694](https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/694) | ||
| - [Promote wasm32-wasip2 to a Tier 2 target - https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/760](https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/760) | ||
| - [Promote the wasm32-wasip2 target to Tier 2 - https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/126967](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/126967) | ||
| - [Rust Platform Support - target wasm32-wasip2 - https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support/wasm32-wasip2.html](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support/wasm32-wasip2.html) | ||
| - [A stream of consciousness on the future of async in the Component Model by Luke Wagner @ Wasm I/O 24 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3x4-nQeXxc](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3x4-nQeXxc) |