Handle VoteStateUpdates for outdated roots bigger than slots in existing VoteState (backport #27323)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #27323 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of ad6c2d8 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/v1.10/pr-27323
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/v1.10'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit ad6c2d8c5.
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Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   programs/vote/src/vote_state/mod.rs
	both modified:   sdk/src/feature_set.rs

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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[mergify]

automerge label removed due to a CI failure