Allow lossless conversions from float into integral types (#3294)

## Motivation and Context
<!--- Why is this change required? What problem does it solve? -->
<!--- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here -->
Some APIs return JSON values that are intended to be represented by
integral types but are returned as floating values e.g `[1.0, -2.0,
25.0]`.

This allows those values to be converted into Integral types.

## Description

This uses a bidirectional conversion to check if a float can be
losslessly converted into a integral type. This can have issues at the
limits of i64::MAX but I think that's probably acceptable. These values
would be represented imprecisely by floats already.

## Testing
Added additional unit tests of the behavior.

## Checklist
<!--- If a checkbox below is not applicable, then please DELETE it
rather than leaving it unchecked -->
- [ ] I have updated `CHANGELOG.next.toml` if I made changes to the
smithy-rs codegen or runtime crates
- [ ] I have updated `CHANGELOG.next.toml` if I made changes to the AWS
SDK, generated SDK code, or SDK runtime crates

----

_By submitting this pull request, I confirm that you can use, modify,
copy, and redistribute this contribution, under the terms of your
choice._

CHANGELOG.next.toml

@@ -79,3 +79,9 @@ message = "Expose local socket address from ConnectionMetadata."
 references = ["aws-sdk-rust#990"]
 meta = { "breaking" = false, "tada" = false, "bug" = false, "target" = "client" }
 author = "declanvk"
+
+[[smithy-rs]]
+message = "[`Number`](https://docs.rs/aws-smithy-types/latest/aws_smithy_types/enum.Number.html) `TryInto` implementations now succesfully convert from `f64` to numeric types when no precision is lost. This fixes some deserialization issues where numbers like `25.0` were sent when `Byte` fields were expected."
+references = ["smithy-rs#3294"]
+meta = { "breaking" = false, "tada" = false, "bug" = false, "target" = "all" }
+author = "rcoh"

rust-runtime/aws-smithy-types/src/number.rs

@@ -77,9 +77,7 @@ macro_rules! to_unsigned_integer_converter {
                     Number::NegInt(v) => {
                         Err(TryFromNumberErrorKind::NegativeToUnsignedLossyConversion(v).into())
                     }
-                    Number::Float(v) => {
-                        Err(TryFromNumberErrorKind::FloatToIntegerLossyConversion(v).into())
-                    }
+                    Number::Float(v) => attempt_lossless!(v, $typ),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -102,9 +100,7 @@ macro_rules! to_signed_integer_converter {
                 match value {
                     Number::PosInt(v) => Ok(Self::try_from(v)?),
                     Number::NegInt(v) => Ok(Self::try_from(v)?),
-                    Number::Float(v) => {
-                        Err(TryFromNumberErrorKind::FloatToIntegerLossyConversion(v).into())
-                    }
+                    Number::Float(v) => attempt_lossless!(v, $typ),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -115,6 +111,17 @@ macro_rules! to_signed_integer_converter {
     };
 }
 
+macro_rules! attempt_lossless {
+    ($value: expr, $typ: ty) => {{
+        let converted = $value as $typ;
+        if (converted as f64 == $value) {
+            Ok(converted)
+        } else {
+            Err(TryFromNumberErrorKind::FloatToIntegerLossyConversion($value).into())
+        }
+    }};
+}
+
 /// Converts to a `u64`. The conversion fails if it is lossy.
 impl TryFrom<Number> for u64 {
     type Error = TryFromNumberError;
@@ -125,9 +132,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Number> for u64 {
             Number::NegInt(v) => {
                 Err(TryFromNumberErrorKind::NegativeToUnsignedLossyConversion(v).into())
             }
-            Number::Float(v) => {
-                Err(TryFromNumberErrorKind::FloatToIntegerLossyConversion(v).into())
-            }
+            Number::Float(v) => attempt_lossless!(v, u64),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -142,9 +147,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Number> for i64 {
         match value {
             Number::PosInt(v) => Ok(Self::try_from(v)?),
             Number::NegInt(v) => Ok(v),
-            Number::Float(v) => {
-                Err(TryFromNumberErrorKind::FloatToIntegerLossyConversion(v).into())
-            }
+            Number::Float(v) => attempt_lossless!(v, i64),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -236,6 +239,7 @@ mod test {
                     }
                 ));
             }
+            assert_eq!($typ::try_from(Number::Float(25.0)).unwrap(), 25);
         };
     }
 
@@ -302,6 +306,13 @@ mod test {
                     }
                 ));
             }
+
+            let range = || ($typ::MIN..=$typ::MAX);
+
+            for val in range().take(1024).chain(range().rev().take(1024)) {
+                assert_eq!(val, $typ::try_from(Number::Float(val as f64)).unwrap());
+                $typ::try_from(Number::Float((val as f64) + 0.1)).expect_err("not equivalent");
+            }
         };
     }
 
@@ -318,6 +329,19 @@ mod test {
                 }
             ));
         }
+        let range = || (i64::MIN..=i64::MAX);
+
+        for val in range().take(1024).chain(range().rev().take(1024)) {
+            // if we can actually represent the value
+            if ((val as f64) as i64) == val {
+                assert_eq!(val, i64::try_from(Number::Float(val as f64)).unwrap());
+            }
+            let fval = val as f64;
+            // at the limits of the range, we don't have this precision
+            if (fval + 0.1).fract() != 0.0 {
+                i64::try_from(Number::Float((val as f64) + 0.1)).expect_err("not equivalent");
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -333,6 +357,11 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn to_i8() {
         to_signed_converter_tests!(i8);
+        i8::try_from(Number::Float(-3200000.0)).expect_err("overflow");
+        i8::try_from(Number::Float(32.1)).expect_err("imprecise");
+        i8::try_from(Number::Float(i8::MAX as f64 + 0.1)).expect_err("imprecise");
+        i8::try_from(Number::Float(f64::NAN)).expect_err("nan");
+        i8::try_from(Number::Float(f64::INFINITY)).expect_err("nan");
     }
 
     #[test]