[Hacker Rank] Interview Preparation Kit: Recursion: Davis' Staircase.…

… Clean code improvements and new generalized solution.

docs/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/recursion_and_backtracking/ctci-recursive-staircase-solution-notes.md

@@ -40,3 +40,30 @@ so that repeated cases are not recalculated.
 
 The trade-off is that the algorithm now requires
 more memory to run in less time.
+
+## Generalized solution
+
+In order to comply with some clean code best practices,
+I noticed that the step limit in the algorithm is a hard-coded number,
+so to comply with the "no magic numbers" rule,
+I was forced to find a more generalized solution.
+
+Then I found the following pattern:
+
+- First cases are:
+$ \text{stepPerms(0)} = 0 $
+$ \text{stepPerms(1)} = 1 $
+$ \text{stepPerms(2)} = 2 $
+
+- Next step combinations above 2 and less than the step limit are:
+$$ \text{stepPerms(number of steps)} = 2^\text{number of steps} + 1 $$
+
+- When $ \text{number of steps} $ are above the limit, the pattern is
+the sum of latest $ \text{number of steps} $ previous calls
+$ \text{stepPerms}(x) $ results as follows:
+
+$$ \displaystyle\sum_{
+  i=\text{number of steps} - \text{limit}}
+  ^\text{number of steps}
+  stepPerms(\text{number of steps} - i)
+$$

src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/recursion_and_backtracking/ctci_recursive_staircase.test.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from '@jest/globals';
 import { logger as console } from '../../../logger';
 
-import { stepPerms } from './ctci_recursive_staircase';
+import {
+  stepPerms,
+  step_perms_comput_with_cache
+} from './ctci_recursive_staircase';
 import TEST_CASES from './ctci_recursive_staircase.testcases.json';
+import TEST_CASES_GENERALIZED from './ctci_recursive_staircase_generalized.testcases.json';
 
 describe('ctci_recursive_staircase', () => {
   it('stepPerms test cases', () => {
@@ -18,4 +22,25 @@ describe('ctci_recursive_staircase', () => {
       });
     });
   });
+
+  it('step_perms_comput_with_cache test cases', () => {
+    expect.assertions(3);
+
+    TEST_CASES_GENERALIZED.forEach((testSet) => {
+      testSet?.tests.forEach((test) => {
+        const initial_cache: Record<number, number> = {};
+        const answer = step_perms_comput_with_cache(
+          test.input,
+          initial_cache,
+          test.limit
+        );
+
+        console.debug(
+          `step_perms_comput_with_cache(${test.input}, ${initial_cache}, ${test.limit}) solution found: ${answer}`
+        );
+
+        expect(answer).toStrictEqual(test.expected);
+      });
+    });
+  });
 });

src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/recursion_and_backtracking/ctci_recursive_staircase.ts

@@ -3,36 +3,42 @@
  * @see Solution Notes: [[docs/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/recursion_and_backtracking/ctci-recursive-staircase-solution-notes.md]]
  */
 
-function step_perms_comput_with_cache(
+const TOP_LIMIT = 10 ** 10 + 7;
+const STEPS_LIMIT = 3;
+
+export function step_perms_comput_with_cache(
   n_steps: number,
-  cache: Record<number, number>
+  cache: Record<number, number>,
+  steps_limit: number
 ): number {
   if (0 <= n_steps && n_steps <= 2) {
     return n_steps;
   }
 
-  if (n_steps == 3) {
-    return 4;
-  }
-
   const keys = new Set(Object.values(cache));
   let result = 0;
 
-  for (let i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+  for (let i = 1; i <= Math.min(steps_limit, n_steps); i++) {
     const searchKey = n_steps - i;
     if (!keys.has(searchKey)) {
-      cache[n_steps - i] = step_perms_comput_with_cache(searchKey, cache);
+      cache[searchKey] = step_perms_comput_with_cache(
+        searchKey,
+        cache,
+        steps_limit
+      );
     }
 
     result += cache[searchKey];
   }
 
-  return result;
+  return result + (n_steps <= steps_limit ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
 export function stepPerms(n: number): number {
   const initial_cache: Record<number, number> = {};
-  return step_perms_comput_with_cache(n, initial_cache) % (10 ** 10 + 7);
+  return (
+    step_perms_comput_with_cache(n, initial_cache, STEPS_LIMIT) % TOP_LIMIT
+  );
 }
 
-export default { stepPerms };
+export default { stepPerms, step_perms_comput_with_cache };

src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/recursion_and_backtracking/ctci_recursive_staircase_generalized.testcases.json

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+[
+  {
+    "title": "Own sample 1",
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "input": 4,
+        "limit": 3,
+        "expected": 7
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "title": "Own sample 2",
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "input": 5,
+        "limit": 4,
+        "expected": 15
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "title": "Own sample 3",
+    "tests": [
+      {
+        "input": 6,
+        "limit": 2,
+        "expected": 13
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]