[python/r] Expose shape-related accessors to Python/R bindings

[johnkerl]

Issue and/or context: As tracked on issue #2407 / [sc-51048].

Note that the intended Python and R API changes are all agreed on and finalized as described in #2407.

Changes:

• These accessors are already implemented and unit-tested in C++
• On this PR, I expose only the language bindings as-is with minimal unit-testing -- more unit-testing to follow (including feature-flag logic) as tracked on [python/r/c++] Revisit shape for component arrays #2407
• The _maybe_sjid_shape and _maybe_sjid_maxshape accessors will be crucial for experiment-level resize logic as on append mode, which does not yet exist in TileDB-SOMA-R (see [r] Port append-mode logic #1630)

Notes for Reviewer:

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 78.43137% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 61.31%. Comparing base (8c4890c) to head (5312d49).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2953       +/-   ##
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- Coverage   89.87%   61.31%   -28.57%     
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  Files          38       93       +55     
  Lines        3999    12417     +8418     
  Branches        0      781      +781     
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+ Hits         3594     7613     +4019     
- Misses        405     4606     +4201     
- Partials        0      198      +198     

Flag	Coverage Δ
libtiledbsoma	47.45% <0.00%> (?)
python	90.02% <88.88%> (+0.15%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
python_api	90.02% <88.88%> (+0.15%)	⬆️
libtiledbsoma	50.19% <0.00%> (∅)

[nguyenv]

Looks good for the Python side.

[johnkerl]

@mojaveazure can you please take a look at the R side? Thank you!

Requested change was made

[johnkerl]

Thanks @nguyenv and @mojaveazure !