Awesome Dependency Injection in Python

A curated list of awesome things related to dependency inversion / dependency injection in Python.

Talks / slides

• Python Dependency Injection (PDF) (Alex Martelli, 2008).
• Fang: Pythonic dependency injection (video) (Nathan Craike, 2015).

Videos

• Loose Coupling & Dependency Injection the EASY Way! (Hynek Schlawack, 2024)
• Dependency Inversion: Write BETTER PYTHON CODE Part 2 (ArjanCodes, 2021)
• Dependency INVERSION vs Dependency INJECTION in Python (ArjanCodes, 2021)

Articles / blog posts

• Enforcing Single Responsibility Principle in Python (Nikita Sobolev / Никита Соболев, 2019)
• Pythonic Dependency Injection: A Practical Guide (Sune Andreas Dybro Debel, 2018)
• Elegant Flask API Development Part 1 (mostly covers Flask-Injector).
• "(pytest) Fixtures: a prime example of dependency injection"
• Tests and comparison of Python dependency injection libraries ★3 - Tests and comparison of Python dependency injection libraries. [🐍, Unknown license].
• Typed Functional Dependency Injection in Python
• DI patterns (Abilian, 2024)
• DI anti-patterns (Abilian, 2024)

Books

• Pythonic Application Architecture Patterns for Managing Complexity ★3407 - A Book about Pythonic Application Architecture Patterns for Managing Complexity. Cosmos is the Opposite of Chaos you see. O'R. wouldn't actually let us call it "Cosmic Python" tho. [🐍, Other license].

Software

DI Frameworks / Containers

• python-dependency-injector ★4028 - Dependency injection framework for Python. [🐍, BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License].
• returns ★3667 - Make your functions return something meaningful, typed, and safe!. [🐍, BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License].
• Injector ★1332 - Python dependency injection framework, inspired by Guice. [🐍, BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License].
• Inject ★705 - Python dependency injection. [🐍, Apache License 2.0].
• Dishka ★438 - Cute DI framework with agreeable API and everything you need. [🐍, Apache License 2.0].
• Kink ★414 - Dependency injection container made for Python. [🐍, MIT License].
• FastDepends ★322 - FastAPI Dependency Injection system extracted from FastAPI and cleared of all HTTP logic. [🐍, MIT License].
• Punq ★316 - An IoC container for Python 3.6+. [🐍, MIT License].
• svcs ★314 - A Flexible Service Locator for Python. [🐍, MIT License].
• di ★304 - Pythonic dependency injection. [🐍, MIT License].
• Lagom ★246: Type based auto-wiring dependency injection with support for async and threading. [🐍, MIT License].
• Rodi ★180 - Implementation of dependency injection for Python 3. [🐍, MIT License].
• That Depends ★163 - simple DI-framework, inspired by python-dependency-injector, but without wiring [🐍, MIT License].
• injectable ★114 - Python Dependency Injection for Humans™. [🐍, MIT License].
• Wireup ★104 - Concise, Powerful, and Type-Safe Python Dependency Injection Library. [🐍, MIT License].
• Opyoid ★67 - Dependency injection library for Python. [🐍, MIT License].
• Picodi ★24 - A DI library inspired by FastAPI. It integrates well with FastAPI but can also be used independently. [🐍, MIT License].
• andi ★22 - Library for annotation-based dependency injection. [🐍, BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License].
• Fresh Bakery ★21 - Bake dependency injections asynchronously and stupidly simple. [🐍, MIT License].
• ididi ★16 - Genius simplicity, unmathced power, dependency injection in a single line of code. [🐍, MIT License]
• Modern DI ★15 - powerful DI-framework with scopes and IoC-container [🐍, MIT License].
• Clean IoC ★9 - A simple unintrusive dependency injection library for python with strong support for generics [🐍, MIT License].
• injection ★9 - replacement for python-dependency-injector that works with Python 3.8-3.12 and works with FastAPI, DRF, Flask and Litestar [🐍, MIT License].

DI components of Web frameworks

Several modern Python web frameworks include DI components, including:

• FastAPI -> Dependencies - First Steps.
• Litestar -> Dependency Injection.
• Sanic -> Dependency Injection.
• Xpresso -> di (see above)
• Blacksheep -> Rodi (see above)
• Aiodine (dead, see below) was the DI framework for the Bocadillo project (also dead)

Archived or unmaintained DI frameworks

• Antidote ★89 - Dependency injection for Python. [🐍, MIT License].
• Serum ★86 - Dependency injection framework for Python 3.6. [🐍, MIT License].
• Aiodine ★53 - 🧪 Async-first Python dependency injection library. [🐍, MIT License].
• Wiring ★26 - Architectural foundation for Python applications. [🐍, Apache License 2.0].

Integration with web frameworks

• Flask-Injector ★279 - Adds Injector support to Flask. [🐍, BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License].

See also above.