Add S.fromEither to pull out values from either

S.fromEither :: b -> Either a b -> b

Closes: #130

index.js

@@ -2060,6 +2060,24 @@
         return either.isLeft ? Nothing() : Just(either.value);
       });
 
+  //# fromEither :: b -> Either a b -> b
+  //.
+  //. Takes a default value and an Either, and returns the Right value
+  //. if the Either is a Right; the default value otherwise.
+  //.
+  //. ```javascript
+  //. > S.fromEither(0, S.Right(42))
+  //. 42
+  //.
+  //. > S.fromEither(0, S.Left(42))
+  //. 0
+  //. ```
+  S.fromEither =
+  def('fromEither',
+      {},
+      [b, $Either(a, b), b],
+      function(x, either) { return either.isRight ? either.value : x; });
+
   //. ### Alternative
 
   //  Alternative :: TypeClass

test/fromEither.js

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var throws = require('assert').throws;
+
+var eq = require('./utils').eq;
+var errorEq = require('./utils').errorEq;
+var S = require('..');
+
+describe('fromEither', function() {
+
+  it('is a binary function', function() {
+    eq(typeof S.fromEither, 'function');
+    eq(S.fromEither.length, 2);
+  });
+
+  it('type checks its arguments', function() {
+    throws(function() { S.fromEither(0, [1, 2, 3]); },
+                   'Invalid value\n' +
+                   '\n' +
+                   'fromEither :: b -> Either a b -> b\n' +
+                   '                   ^^^^^^^^^^n' +
+                   '                        1\n' +
+                   '\n' +
+                   '1)  [1, 2, 3] :: Array Number, Array FiniteNumber, Array NonZeroFiniteNumber, Array Integer, Array ValidNumber\n' +
+                   '\n' +
+                   'The value at position 1 is not a member of ‘Either a b’.\n');
+  });
+
+  it('can be applied to a Left', function() {
+    eq(S.fromEither(0, S.Right(42)), 42);
+  });
+
+  it('can be applied to a Right', function() {
+    eq(S.fromEither(0, S.Left(42)), 0);
+  });
+
+  it('is curried', function() {
+    eq(S.fromEither(0).length, 1);
+    eq(S.fromEither(0)(S.Right(42)), 42);
+  });
+
+});