SDK: Slot Hashes: Add queries using sol_get_sysvar (anza-xyz#1622)

* sysvars: add `get_sysvar` handler

* sysvars: add `SlotHashesSysvar` trait

* use bytemuck slices for binary search

* refactor get_sysvar API

* add tests

* add pointer alignment check

* make the API a struct

* move allocation check

* use `PodSlotHash` for layout

* cleanup

sdk/program/src/sysvar/mod.rs

@@ -249,6 +249,35 @@ macro_rules! impl_sysvar_get {
     };
 }
 
+/// Handler for retrieving a slice of sysvar data from the `sol_get_sysvar`
+/// syscall.
+fn get_sysvar(
+    dst: &mut [u8],
+    sysvar_id: &Pubkey,
+    offset: u64,
+    length: u64,
+) -> Result<(), ProgramError> {
+    // Check that the provided destination buffer is large enough to hold the
+    // requested data.
+    if dst.len() < length as usize {
+        return Err(ProgramError::InvalidArgument);
+    }
+
+    let sysvar_id = sysvar_id as *const _ as *const u8;
+    let var_addr = dst as *mut _ as *mut u8;
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "solana")]
+    let result = unsafe { crate::syscalls::sol_get_sysvar(sysvar_id, var_addr, offset, length) };
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "solana"))]
+    let result = crate::program_stubs::sol_get_sysvar(sysvar_id, var_addr, offset, length);
+
+    match result {
+        crate::entrypoint::SUCCESS => Ok(()),
+        e => Err(e.into()),
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use {

sdk/program/src/sysvar/slot_hashes.rs

@@ -46,7 +46,17 @@
 //! ```
 
 pub use crate::slot_hashes::SlotHashes;
-use crate::{account_info::AccountInfo, program_error::ProgramError, sysvar::Sysvar};
+use {
+    crate::{
+        account_info::AccountInfo,
+        clock::Slot,
+        hash::Hash,
+        program_error::ProgramError,
+        slot_hashes::MAX_ENTRIES,
+        sysvar::{get_sysvar, Sysvar, SysvarId},
+    },
+    bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable},
+};
 
 crate::declare_sysvar_id!("SysvarS1otHashes111111111111111111111111111", SlotHashes);
 
@@ -62,13 +72,109 @@ impl Sysvar for SlotHashes {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Default, Pod, Zeroable)]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct PodSlotHash {
+    slot: Slot,
+    hash: Hash,
+}
+
+/// API for querying the `SlotHashes` sysvar.
+pub struct SlotHashesSysvar;
+
+impl SlotHashesSysvar {
+    /// Get a value from the sysvar entries by its key.
+    /// Returns `None` if the key is not found.
+    pub fn get(slot: &Slot) -> Result<Option<Hash>, ProgramError> {
+        get_pod_slot_hashes().map(|pod_hashes| {
+            pod_hashes
+                .binary_search_by(|PodSlotHash { slot: this, .. }| slot.cmp(this))
+                .map(|idx| pod_hashes[idx].hash)
+                .ok()
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Get the position of an entry in the sysvar by its key.
+    /// Returns `None` if the key is not found.
+    pub fn position(slot: &Slot) -> Result<Option<usize>, ProgramError> {
+        get_pod_slot_hashes().map(|pod_hashes| {
+            pod_hashes
+                .binary_search_by(|PodSlotHash { slot: this, .. }| slot.cmp(this))
+                .ok()
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_pod_slot_hashes() -> Result<Vec<PodSlotHash>, ProgramError> {
+    let mut pod_hashes = vec![PodSlotHash::default(); MAX_ENTRIES];
+    {
+        let data = bytemuck::try_cast_slice_mut::<PodSlotHash, u8>(&mut pod_hashes)
+            .map_err(|_| ProgramError::InvalidAccountData)?;
+
+        // Ensure the created buffer is aligned to 8.
+        if data.as_ptr().align_offset(8) != 0 {
+            return Err(ProgramError::InvalidAccountData);
+        }
+
+        let offset = 8; // Vector length as `u64`.
+        let length = (SlotHashes::size_of() as u64).saturating_sub(offset);
+        get_sysvar(data, &SlotHashes::id(), offset, length)?;
+    }
+    Ok(pod_hashes)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use {
         super::*,
-        crate::{clock::Slot, hash::Hash, slot_hashes::MAX_ENTRIES},
+        crate::{
+            clock::Slot,
+            entrypoint::SUCCESS,
+            hash::{hash, Hash},
+            program_stubs::{set_syscall_stubs, SyscallStubs},
+            slot_hashes::{SlotHash, MAX_ENTRIES},
+        },
     };
 
+    struct MockSlotHashesSyscall {
+        slot_hashes: SlotHashes,
+    }
+
+    impl SyscallStubs for MockSlotHashesSyscall {
+        #[allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
+        fn sol_get_sysvar(
+            &self,
+            _sysvar_id_addr: *const u8,
+            var_addr: *mut u8,
+            offset: u64,
+            length: u64,
+        ) -> u64 {
+            // The syscall tests for `sol_get_sysvar` should ensure the following:
+            //
+            // - The provided `sysvar_id_addr` can be translated into a valid
+            //   sysvar ID for a sysvar contained in the sysvar cache, of which
+            //   `SlotHashes` is one.
+            // - Length and memory checks on `offset` and `length`.
+            //
+            // Therefore this mockup can simply just unsafely use the provided
+            // `offset` and `length` to copy the serialized `SlotHashes` into
+            // the provided `var_addr`.
+            let data = bincode::serialize(&self.slot_hashes).unwrap();
+            let slice = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(var_addr, length as usize) };
+            slice.copy_from_slice(&data[offset as usize..(offset + length) as usize]);
+            SUCCESS
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mock_get_sysvar_syscall(slot_hashes: &[SlotHash]) {
+        static ONCE: std::sync::Once = std::sync::Once::new();
+        ONCE.call_once(|| {
+            set_syscall_stubs(Box::new(MockSlotHashesSyscall {
+                slot_hashes: SlotHashes::new(slot_hashes),
+            }));
+        });
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_size_of() {
         assert_eq!(
@@ -81,4 +187,57 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap() as usize
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_slot_hashes_sysvar() {
+        let mut slot_hashes = vec![];
+        for i in 0..MAX_ENTRIES {
+            slot_hashes.push((
+                i as u64,
+                hash(&[(i >> 24) as u8, (i >> 16) as u8, (i >> 8) as u8, i as u8]),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        mock_get_sysvar_syscall(&slot_hashes);
+
+        let check_slot_hashes = SlotHashes::new(&slot_hashes);
+
+        // `get`:
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::get(&0).unwrap().as_ref(),
+            check_slot_hashes.get(&0),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::get(&256).unwrap().as_ref(),
+            check_slot_hashes.get(&256),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::get(&511).unwrap().as_ref(),
+            check_slot_hashes.get(&511),
+        );
+        // `None`.
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::get(&600).unwrap().as_ref(),
+            check_slot_hashes.get(&600),
+        );
+
+        // `position`:
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::position(&0).unwrap(),
+            check_slot_hashes.position(&0),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::position(&256).unwrap(),
+            check_slot_hashes.position(&256),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::position(&511).unwrap(),
+            check_slot_hashes.position(&511),
+        );
+        // `None`.
+        assert_eq!(
+            SlotHashesSysvar::position(&600).unwrap(),
+            check_slot_hashes.position(&600),
+        );
+    }
 }