Make it possible to customize the location of musl libdir using
musl-libdir in config.toml, e.g., to use lib64 instead of lib.

I know very little about rust, so I saw this example and tried to generalize it by writing,
```
    let layout = Layout::new::<T>();
    let new_obj = unsafe {
        let ptr = alloc(layout) as *mut T;
        *ptr = obj;
        Box::from_raw(ptr)
    };
```
for some more complicated `T`, which ended up crashing with SIGSEGV,
because it tried to `drop_in_place` the previous object in `ptr` which is
of course garbage. I also added a comment that explains why `.write`
is used, but I think adding that comment is optional and may be too verbose
here. I do however think that changing this example is a good idea to
suggest the correct generalization. `.write` is also used in most of the rest
of the documentation here, even if the example is `i32`, so it would additionally
be more consistent.

update master

Fixes rust-lang#67765

When reporting errors during MIR region inference, we sometimes use
`universal_upper_bound` to obtain a named universal region that we
can display to the user. However, this is not always possible - in a
case like `fn foo<'a, 'b>() { .. }`, the only upper bound for a region
containing `'a` and `'b` is `'static`. When displaying diagnostics, it's
usually better to display *some* named region (even if there are
multiple involved) rather than fall back to a generic error involving
`'static`.

This commit adds a new `approx_universal_upper_bound` method, which
uses the lowest-numbered universal region if the only alternative is to
return `'static`.

…xamples

This commit moves the compiler-builtins-specific build logic from
`src/bootstrap/bin/rustc.rs` into the workspace `Cargo.toml`'s
`[profile]` configuration. Now that rust-lang/cargo#7253 is fixed we can
ensure that Cargo knows about debug assertions settings, and it can also
be configured to specifically disable debug assertions unconditionally
for compiler-builtins. This should improve rebuild logic when
debug-assertions settings change and also improve build-std integration
where Cargo externally now has an avenue to learn how to build
compiler-builtins as well.

…g-assertions, r=Mark-Simulacrum

rustbuild: Move compiler-builtins build logic to manifest

This commit moves the compiler-builtins-specific build logic from
`src/bootstrap/bin/rustc.rs` into the workspace `Cargo.toml`'s
`[profile]` configuration. Now that rust-lang/cargo#7253 is fixed we can
ensure that Cargo knows about debug assertions settings, and it can also
be configured to specifically disable debug assertions unconditionally
for compiler-builtins. This should improve rebuild logic when
debug-assertions settings change and also improve build-std integration
where Cargo externally now has an avenue to learn how to build
compiler-builtins as well.

bootstrap: Configurable musl libdir

Make it possible to customize the location of musl libdir using
musl-libdir in config.toml, e.g., to use lib64 instead of lib.

Update Box::from_raw example to generalize better

I know very little about rust, so I saw the example here
```
use std::alloc::{alloc, Layout};

unsafe {
    let ptr = alloc(Layout::new::<i32>()) as *mut i32;
    *ptr = 5;
    let x = Box::from_raw(ptr);
}
```
and tried to generalize it by writing,
```
    let layout = Layout::new::<T>();
    let new_obj = unsafe {
        let ptr = alloc(layout) as *mut T;
        *ptr = obj;
        Box::from_raw(ptr)
    };
```
for some more complicated `T`, which ended up crashing with SIGSEGV,
because it tried to `drop_in_place` the previous object in `ptr` which is
of course garbage. I think that changing this example to use `.write` instead
would be a good idea to suggest the correct generalization. It is also more
consistent with other documentation items in this file, which use `.write`.
I also added a comment to explain it, but I'm not too attached to that,
and can see it being too verbose in this place.

…sKalbertodt

Document the static keyword

Partial fix of rust-lang#34601.

This documents the `static` keyword. It's basically a simplified version of the reference with more examples.

@rustbot modify labels: T-doc,C-enhancement

…LukasKalbertodt

Remap Windows ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER to ErrorKind::InvalidInput from Other

I don't know if this is acceptable or how likely it is to break existing code, but it seem to me ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER "The parameter is incorrect" should map to ErrorKind::InvalidInput "A parameter was incorrect". Previously this value fell through to ErrorKind::Other.

I can't speak for anyone but myself, but I instinctively thought it would be InvalidInput.

Document the type keyword

Partial fix of rust-lang#34601.

Two small examples, one clarifying that `type` only defines an alias, not a completely new type, the other explaining the use in traits.

@rustbot modify labels: T-doc,C-enhancement

…upper, r=estebank

Use an 'approximate' universal upper bound when reporting region errors

Fixes rust-lang#67765

When reporting errors during MIR region inference, we sometimes use
`universal_upper_bound` to obtain a named universal region that we
can display to the user. However, this is not always possible - in a
case like `fn foo<'a, 'b>() { .. }`, the only upper bound for a region
containing `'a` and `'b` is `'static`. When displaying diagnostics, it's
usually better to display *some* named region (even if there are
multiple involved) rather than fall back to a generic error involving
`'static`.

This commit adds a new `approx_universal_upper_bound` method, which
uses the lowest-numbered universal region if the only alternative is to
return `'static`.

ast_pretty: Pass some token streams and trees by reference

Salvaged from an intermediate version of rust-lang#73345.

…bank

Fix wording for anonymous parameter name help

```
 --> exercises/functions/functions2.rs:8:15
  |
8 | fn call_me(num) {
  |               ^ expected one of `:`, `@`, or `|`
  |
  = note: anonymous parameters are removed in the 2018 edition (see RFC 1685)
help: if this is a `self` type, give it a parameter name
  |
8 | fn call_me(self: num) {
  |            ^^^^^^^^^
help: if this was a parameter name, give it a type
  |
8 | fn call_me(num: TypeName) {
  |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
help: if this is a type, explicitly ignore the parameter name
  |
8 | fn call_me(_: num) {
  |
```
This commit changes "if this was a parameter name" to "if this is a parameter name" to match the wording of similar errors.

…-morse

Some refactoring around intrinsic type checking

So... This PR went a bit overboard. I wanted to make the `rustc_peek` intrinsic safe (cc @ecstatic-morse ), and remembered a long-standing itch of mine. So I made that huge `&str` match for the intrinsic name a match on `Symbol`s (so basically `u32`s). This is unlikely to have a positive perf effect, even if it likely has better codegen (intrinsics are used rarely, mostly once in their wrapper), so it's mostly a consistency thing since other places actually match on the symbol name of the intrinsics.

…nishearth

Split and expand nonstandard-style lints unicode unit test.

RFC 2457 requested that the `nonstandard_style` series of linted be adjusted to cover the non_ascii_identifier case. However when i read the code of those implementations, it seems they're already supporting non_ascii_identifiers. But the exact rules is a little different than what's proposed in RFC 2457.

So I splitted and expanded the existing test case to try to exercise every branch in the code. I think it'll also be easier to examine the cases in these unit tests to see whether it's ok to just leave them as is, or some adjustments are needed.

r? @Manishearth

…Simulacrum

Remove defunct `-Z print-region-graph`