Auto merge of #40544 - frewsxcv:rollup, r=frewsxcv

Rollup of 18 pull requests

- Successful merges: #40387, #40433, #40452, #40456, #40457, #40463, #40466, #40467, #40495, #40496, #40497, #40500, #40503, #40505, #40512, #40514, #40517, #40520
- Failed merges:

.gitmodules

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 	url = https://github.com/rust-lang/libc.git
 [submodule "src/doc/nomicon"]
 	path = src/doc/nomicon
-	url = https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/nomicon
+	url = https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/nomicon.git
 [submodule "src/tools/cargo"]
 	path = cargo
-	url = https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo
+	url = https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo.git
 [submodule "reference"]
 	path = src/doc/reference
 	url = https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/reference.git

README.md

@@ -161,8 +161,9 @@ If you’d like to build the documentation, it’s almost the same:
 $ ./x.py doc
 ```
 
-The generated documentation will appear in a top-level `doc` directory,
-created by the `make` rule.
+The generated documentation will appear under `doc` in the `build` directory for
+the ABI used. I.e., if the ABI was `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc`, the directory will be
+`build\x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\doc`.
 
 ## Notes
 

RELEASES.md

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ Version 1.16.0 (2017-03-16)
 Language
 --------
 
-* Lifetimes in statics and consts default to `'static`. [RFC 1623]
 * [The compiler's `dead_code` lint now accounts for type aliases][38051].
 * [Uninhabitable enums (those without any variants) no longer permit wildcard
   match patterns][38069]
@@ -5056,7 +5055,7 @@ Version 0.1  (2012-01-20)
 
    * Compiler works with the following configurations:
       * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
-      * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
+      * macOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
       * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
 
    * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.

src/bootstrap/bin/rustc.rs

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ fn main() {
         if env::var("RUSTC_RPATH") == Ok("true".to_string()) {
             let rpath = if target.contains("apple") {
 
-                // Note that we need to take one extra step on OSX to also pass
+                // Note that we need to take one extra step on macOS to also pass
                 // `-Wl,-instal_name,@rpath/...` to get things to work right. To
                 // do that we pass a weird flag to the compiler to get it to do
                 // so. Note that this is definitely a hack, and we should likely

src/bootstrap/check.rs

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ pub fn compiletest(build: &Build,
     cmd.arg("--docck-python").arg(build.python());
 
     if build.config.build.ends_with("apple-darwin") {
-        // Force /usr/bin/python on OSX for LLDB tests because we're loading the
+        // Force /usr/bin/python on macOS for LLDB tests because we're loading the
         // LLDB plugin's compiled module which only works with the system python
         // (namely not Homebrew-installed python)
         cmd.arg("--lldb-python").arg("/usr/bin/python");

src/bootstrap/compile.rs

@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ pub fn rustc(build: &Build, target: &str, compiler: &Compiler) {
         cargo.env("CFG_LLVM_ROOT", s);
     }
     // Building with a static libstdc++ is only supported on linux right now,
-    // not for MSVC or OSX
+    // not for MSVC or macOS
     if build.config.llvm_static_stdcpp &&
        !target.contains("windows") &&
        !target.contains("apple") {

src/bootstrap/lib.rs

@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ impl Build {
                            .filter(|s| !s.starts_with("-O") && !s.starts_with("/O"))
                            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-        // If we're compiling on OSX then we add a few unconditional flags
+        // If we're compiling on macOS then we add a few unconditional flags
         // indicating that we want libc++ (more filled out than libstdc++) and
         // we want to compile for 10.7. This way we can ensure that
         // LLVM/jemalloc/etc are all properly compiled.

src/bootstrap/sanity.rs

@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ pub fn check(build: &mut Build) {
     }
 
     for target in build.config.target.iter() {
-        // Can't compile for iOS unless we're on OSX
+        // Can't compile for iOS unless we're on macOS
         if target.contains("apple-ios") &&
            !build.config.build.contains("apple-darwin") {
-            panic!("the iOS target is only supported on OSX");
+            panic!("the iOS target is only supported on macOS");
         }
 
         // Make sure musl-root is valid if specified

src/doc/book/src/documentation.md

@@ -170,8 +170,6 @@ more than one section:
 # fn foo() {}
 ```
 
-Let's discuss the details of these code blocks.
-
 #### Code block annotations
 
 To write some Rust code in a comment, use the triple graves:
@@ -183,23 +181,8 @@ To write some Rust code in a comment, use the triple graves:
 # fn foo() {}
 ```
 
-If you want something that's not Rust code, you can add an annotation:
-
-```rust
-/// ```c
-/// printf("Hello, world\n");
-/// ```
-# fn foo() {}
-```
-
-This will highlight according to whatever language you're showing off.
-If you're only showing plain text, choose `text`.
-
-It's important to choose the correct annotation here, because `rustdoc` uses it
-in an interesting way: It can be used to actually test your examples in a
-library crate, so that they don't get out of date. If you have some C code but
-`rustdoc` thinks it's Rust because you left off the annotation, `rustdoc` will
-complain when trying to generate the documentation.
+This will add code highlighting. If you are only showing plain text, put `text`
+instead of `rust` after the triple graves (see below).
 
 ## Documentation as tests
 

src/doc/book/src/ffi.md

@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ attribute turns off Rust's name mangling, so that it is easier to link to.
 
 It’s important to be mindful of `panic!`s when working with FFI. A `panic!`
 across an FFI boundary is undefined behavior. If you’re writing code that may
-panic, you should run it in a closure with [`catch_unwind()`]:
+panic, you should run it in a closure with [`catch_unwind`]:
 
 ```rust
 use std::panic::catch_unwind;
@@ -706,11 +706,11 @@ pub extern fn oh_no() -> i32 {
 fn main() {}
 ```
 
-Please note that [`catch_unwind()`] will only catch unwinding panics, not
-those who abort the process. See the documentation of [`catch_unwind()`]
+Please note that [`catch_unwind`] will only catch unwinding panics, not
+those who abort the process. See the documentation of [`catch_unwind`]
 for more information.
 
-[`catch_unwind()`]: ../std/panic/fn.catch_unwind.html
+[`catch_unwind`]: ../std/panic/fn.catch_unwind.html
 
 # Representing opaque structs
 

src/doc/book/src/guessing-game.md

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ The next part will use this handle to get input from the user:
 .read_line(&mut guess)
 ```
 
-Here, we call the [`read_line()`][read_line] method on our handle.
+Here, we call the [`read_line`][read_line] method on our handle.
 [Methods][method] are like associated functions, but are only available on a
 particular instance of a type, rather than the type itself. We’re also passing
 one argument to `read_line()`: `&mut guess`.

src/doc/book/src/testing.md

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ And that's reflected in the summary line:
 test result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured
 ```
 
-We also get a non-zero status code. We can use `$?` on OS X and Linux:
+We also get a non-zero status code. We can use `$?` on macOS and Linux:
 
 ```bash
 $ echo $?

src/doc/index.md

@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ Other unofficial documentation may exist elsewhere; for example, the [Rust
 Learning] project collects documentation from the community, and [Docs.rs]
 builds documentation for individual Rust packages.
 
-## API Documentation
+# API Documentation
 
 Rust provides a standard library with a number of features; [we host its
 documentation here][api].
 
-## Extended Error Documentation
+# Extended Error Documentation
 
 Many of Rust's errors come with error codes, and you can request extended
 diagnostics from the compiler on those errors. We also [have the text of those
 extended errors on the web][err], if you prefer to read them that way.
 
-## The Rust Bookshelf
+# The Rust Bookshelf
 
 Rust provides a number of book-length sets of documentation, collectively
 nicknamed 'The Rust Bookshelf.'

src/doc/unstable-book/src/concat-idents.md

@@ -6,5 +6,17 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#29599]
 
 ------------------------
 
+The `concat_idents` feature adds a macro for concatenating multiple identifiers
+into one identifier.
 
+## Examples
 
+```rust
+#![feature(concat_idents)]
+
+fn main() {
+    fn foobar() -> u32 { 23 }
+    let f = concat_idents!(foo, bar);
+    assert_eq!(f(), 23);
+}
+```

src/doc/unstable-book/src/conservative-impl-trait.md

@@ -6,5 +6,61 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#34511]
 
 ------------------------
 
+The `conservative_impl_trait` feature allows a conservative form of abstract
+return types.
 
+Abstract return types allow a function to hide a concrete return type behind a
+trait interface similar to trait objects, while still generating the same
+statically dispatched code as with concrete types.
 
+## Examples
+
+```rust
+#![feature(conservative_impl_trait)]
+
+fn even_iter() -> impl Iterator<Item=u32> {
+    (0..).map(|n| n * 2)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let first_four_even_numbers = even_iter().take(4).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(first_four_even_numbers, vec![0, 2, 4, 6]);
+}
+```
+
+## Background
+
+In today's Rust, you can write function signatures like:
+
+````rust,ignore
+fn consume_iter_static<I: Iterator<u8>>(iter: I) { }
+
+fn consume_iter_dynamic(iter: Box<Iterator<u8>>) { }
+````
+
+In both cases, the function does not depend on the exact type of the argument.
+The type held is "abstract", and is assumed only to satisfy a trait bound.
+
+* In the `_static` version using generics, each use of the function is
+  specialized to a concrete, statically-known type, giving static dispatch,
+  inline layout, and other performance wins.
+* In the `_dynamic` version using trait objects, the concrete argument type is
+  only known at runtime using a vtable.
+
+On the other hand, while you can write:
+
+````rust,ignore
+fn produce_iter_dynamic() -> Box<Iterator<u8>> { }
+````
+
+...but you _cannot_ write something like:
+
+````rust,ignore
+fn produce_iter_static() -> Iterator<u8> { }
+````
+
+That is, in today's Rust, abstract return types can only be written using trait
+objects, which can be a significant performance penalty. This RFC proposes
+"unboxed abstract types" as a way of achieving signatures like
+`produce_iter_static`. Like generics, unboxed abstract types guarantee static
+dispatch and inline data layout.

src/doc/unstable-book/src/const-fn.md

@@ -6,5 +6,24 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#24111]
 
 ------------------------
 
+The `const_fn` feature allows marking free functions and inherent methods as
+`const`, enabling them to be called in constants contexts, with constant
+arguments.
 
+## Examples
 
+```rust
+#![feature(const_fn)]
+
+const fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {
+    x * 2
+}
+
+const FIVE: i32 = 5;
+const TEN: i32 = double(FIVE);
+
+fn main() {
+    assert_eq!(5, FIVE);
+    assert_eq!(10, TEN);
+}
+```

src/doc/unstable-book/src/const-indexing.md

@@ -6,5 +6,14 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#29947]
 
 ------------------------
 
+The `const_indexing` feature allows the constant evaluation of index operations
+on constant arrays and repeat expressions.
 
+## Examples
 
+```rust
+#![feature(const_indexing)]
+
+const ARR: [usize; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+const ARR2: [usize; ARR[1]] = [42, 99];
+```

src/doc/unstable-book/src/i128-type.md

@@ -6,5 +6,20 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#35118]
 
 ------------------------
 
+The `i128_type` feature adds support for 128 bit signed and unsigned integer
+types.
 
+```rust
+#![feature(i128_type)]
+
+fn main() {
+    assert_eq!(1u128 + 1u128, 2u128);
+    assert_eq!(u128::min_value(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(u128::max_value(), 340282366920938463463374607431768211455);
+
+    assert_eq!(1i128 - 2i128, -1i128);
+    assert_eq!(i128::min_value(), -170141183460469231731687303715884105728);
+    assert_eq!(i128::max_value(), 170141183460469231731687303715884105727);
+}
+```
 

src/doc/unstable-book/src/non-ascii-idents.md

@@ -6,5 +6,13 @@ The tracking issue for this feature is: [#28979]
 
 ------------------------
 
+The `non_ascii_idents` feature adds support for non-ASCII identifiers.
 
+## Examples
 
+```rust
+#![feature(non_ascii_idents)]
+
+const ε: f64 = 0.00001f64;
+const Π: f64 = 3.14f64;
+```

src/liballoc/rc.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 //! Single-threaded reference-counting pointers.
 //!
 //! The type [`Rc<T>`][`Rc`] provides shared ownership of a value of type `T`,
-//! allocated in the heap. Invoking [`clone()`][clone] on [`Rc`] produces a new
+//! allocated in the heap. Invoking [`clone`][clone] on [`Rc`] produces a new
 //! pointer to the same value in the heap. When the last [`Rc`] pointer to a
 //! given value is destroyed, the pointed-to value is also destroyed.
 //!
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 //! threads. If you need multi-threaded, atomic reference counting, use
 //! [`sync::Arc`][arc].
 //!
-//! The [`downgrade()`][downgrade] method can be used to create a non-owning
+//! The [`downgrade`][downgrade] method can be used to create a non-owning
 //! [`Weak`] pointer. A [`Weak`] pointer can be [`upgrade`][upgrade]d
 //! to an [`Rc`], but this will return [`None`] if the value has
 //! already been dropped.

src/liballoc_jemalloc/lib.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub use imp::*;
 mod imp {
     use libc::{c_int, c_void, size_t};
 
-    // Note that the symbols here are prefixed by default on OSX and Windows (we
+    // Note that the symbols here are prefixed by default on macOS and Windows (we
     // don't explicitly request it), and on Android and DragonFly we explicitly
     // request it as unprefixing cause segfaults (mismatches in allocators).
     extern "C" {

src/libcollections/binary_heap.rs

@@ -218,10 +218,10 @@ pub struct BinaryHeap<T> {
     data: Vec<T>,
 }
 
-/// A container object that represents the result of the [`peek_mut()`] method
+/// A container object that represents the result of the [`peek_mut`] method
 /// on `BinaryHeap`. See its documentation for details.
 ///
-/// [`peek_mut()`]: struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.peek_mut
+/// [`peek_mut`]: struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.peek_mut
 #[stable(feature = "binary_heap_peek_mut", since = "1.12.0")]
 pub struct PeekMut<'a, T: 'a + Ord> {
     heap: &'a mut BinaryHeap<T>,