[v23.2.x] retest: Implement VPC peering for Cloud Cluster with private network

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #12918 to branch v23.2.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v23.2.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-12918-v23.2.x-227
git cherry-pick -x 84777cbf8ba503283b15b19e86e6689c2feabf5f b2ffff3e953d7d120024e8548bfe3b9a13d42bc2 20ea07bef3c28d2e768a3c91e995ea6e2bce364c 79580ad99b3a1a5c42abd8ea1a16278dc22c6a73 35bd9831918636e0bad35f04cf21fc425f28b49a 43ecacd1fb858cf5cd8163a4cd173830e5fcaf8a accbff0f6204a075eee02aa7518630967ab8a836 4ab3b176d1b56d60d27ae84cee24271b54629891

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-12918-v23.2.x-227
gh pr create \
  --title "[v23.2.x] retest: Implement VPC peering for Cloud Cluster with private network" \
  --base "v23.2.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-12918-v23.2.x-227" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --reviewer "" \
  --milestone "v23.2.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/12918 "

[savex]

PR: #12965

[savex]

Merged