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title: Invalid Hook Call Warning | ||
layout: single | ||
permalink: warnings/invalid-hook-call-warning.html | ||
--- | ||
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You are probably here because you got the following error message: | ||
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> Hooks can only be called inside the body of a function component. | ||
There are three common reasons you might be seeing it: | ||
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1. You might have **mismatching versions** of React and React DOM. | ||
2. You might be **breaking the [Rules of Hooks](/docs/hooks-rules.html)**. | ||
3. You might have **more than one copy of React** in the same app. | ||
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Let's look at each of these cases. | ||
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## Mismatching Versions of React and React DOM | ||
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You might be using a version of `react-dom` (<= 16.8.0) or `react-native` (<= 0.60) that doesn't yet support Hooks. You can run `npm ls react-dom` or `npm ls react-native` in your application folder to check which version you're using. If you find more than one of them, this might also create problems (more on that below). | ||
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## Breaking the Rules of Hooks | ||
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You can only call Hooks **while React is rendering a function component**: | ||
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* ✅ Call them at the top level in the body of a function component. | ||
* ✅ Call them at the top level in the body of a [custom Hook](/docs/hooks-custom.html). | ||
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**Learn more about this in the [Rules of Hooks](/docs/hooks-rules.html).** | ||
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To avoid confusion, it’s **not** supported to call Hooks in other cases: | ||
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* 🔴 Do not call Hooks in class components. | ||
* 🔴 Do not call in event handlers. | ||
* 🔴 Do not call Hooks inside functions passed to `useMemo`, `useReducer`, or `useEffect`. | ||
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If you break these rules, you might see this error. | ||
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```js{2-3,8-9,15-16,23-24,33-34} | ||
function Counter() { | ||
// ✅ Good: top-level in a function component | ||
const [count, setCount] = useState(0); | ||
// ... | ||
} | ||
function useWindowWidth() { | ||
// ✅ Good: top-level in a custom Hook | ||
const [width, setWidth] = useState(window.innerWidth); | ||
// ... | ||
} | ||
function Bad1() { | ||
function handleClick() { | ||
// 🔴 Bad: inside an event handler (to fix, move it outside!) | ||
const theme = useContext(ThemeContext); | ||
} | ||
// ... | ||
} | ||
function Bad2() { | ||
const style = useMemo(() => { | ||
// 🔴 Bad: inside useMemo (to fix, move it outside!) | ||
const theme = useContext(ThemeContext); | ||
return createStyle(theme); | ||
}); | ||
// ... | ||
} | ||
class Bad3 extends React.Component { | ||
render() { | ||
// 🔴 Bad: inside a class component | ||
useEffect(() => {}) | ||
// ... | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
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You can use the [`eslint-plugin-react-hooks` plugin](https://www.npmjs.com/package/eslint-plugin-react-hooks) to catch some of these mistakes. | ||
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>Note | ||
> | ||
>[Custom Hooks](/docs/hooks-custom.html) *may* call other Hooks (that's their whole purpose). This works because custom Hooks are also supposed to only be called while a function component is rendering. | ||
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## Duplicate React | ||
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In order for Hooks to work, `react` import from your application code needs to resolve to the same module as the `react` import from inside the `react-dom` package. | ||
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If these `react` imports resolve to two different exports objects, you will see this warning. This may happen if you **accidentally end up with two copies** of the `react` package. | ||
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If you use Node for package management, you can run this check in your project folder: | ||
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npm ls react | ||
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If you see more than one React, you'll need to figure out why this happens, and fix your dependency tree. For example, maybe a library you're using incorrectly specifies `react` as a dependency (rather than a peer dependency). Until such a library is fixed, [Yarn resolutions](https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/selective-version-resolutions/) is one possible workaround. | ||
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You can also try to debug this problem by adding some logs and restarting your development server: | ||
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```js | ||
// Add this in node_modules/react-dom/index.js | ||
window.React1 = require('react'); | ||
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// Add this in your component file | ||
require('react-dom'); | ||
window.React2 = require('react'); | ||
console.log(window.React1 === window.React2); | ||
``` | ||
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If it prints `false` then you might have two Reacts and need to figure out why that happened. [This issue](https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/13991) includes some common reasons encountered by the community. | ||
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This problem can also come up when you use `npm link` or an equivalent. In that case, your bundler might "see" two Reacts — one in application folder and one in your library folder. Assuming `myapp` and `mylib` are sibling folders, one possible fix is to run `npm link ../myapp/node_modules/react` from `mylib`. This should make the library use the application's React copy. | ||
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>Note | ||
> | ||
>In general, React supports using multiple independent copies on one page (for example, if an app and a third-party widget both use it). It only breaks if you call `ReactDOM.render()` for a component with a different `require('react')` than seen by `react-dom`. | ||
## Other Causes | ||
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If none of this worked, please comment in [this issue](https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/13991) and we'll try to help. Try to create a small reproducing example — you might discover the problem as you're doing it. |