ext4: fix deadlock during page writeback

Commit 06bd3c3 (ext4: fix data exposure after a crash) uncovered a
deadlock in ext4_writepages() which was previously much harder to hit.
After this commit xfstest generic/130 reproduces the deadlock on small
filesystems.

The problem happens when ext4_do_update_inode() sets LARGE_FILE feature
and marks current inode handle as synchronous. That subsequently results
in ext4_journal_stop() called from ext4_writepages() to block waiting for
transaction commit while still holding page locks, reference to io_end,
and some prepared bio in mpd structure each of which can possibly block
transaction commit from completing and thus results in deadlock.

Fix the problem by releasing page locks, io_end reference, and
submitting prepared bio before calling ext4_journal_stop().

[ Changed to defer the call to ext4_journal_stop() only if the handle
  is synchronous.  --tytso ]

Reported-and-tested-by: Eryu Guan <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <[email protected]>
CC: [email protected]
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <[email protected]>

fs/ext4/inode.c

@@ -2754,13 +2754,36 @@ static int ext4_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 				done = true;
 			}
 		}
-		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+		/*
+		 * Caution: If the handle is synchronous,
+		 * ext4_journal_stop() can wait for transaction commit
+		 * to finish which may depend on writeback of pages to
+		 * complete or on page lock to be released.  In that
+		 * case, we have to wait until after after we have
+		 * submitted all the IO, released page locks we hold,
+		 * and dropped io_end reference (for extent conversion
+		 * to be able to complete) before stopping the handle.
+		 */
+		if (!ext4_handle_valid(handle) || handle->h_sync == 0) {
+			ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+			handle = NULL;
+		}
 		/* Submit prepared bio */
 		ext4_io_submit(&mpd.io_submit);
 		/* Unlock pages we didn't use */
 		mpage_release_unused_pages(&mpd, give_up_on_write);
-		/* Drop our io_end reference we got from init */
-		ext4_put_io_end(mpd.io_submit.io_end);
+		/*
+		 * Drop our io_end reference we got from init. We have
+		 * to be careful and use deferred io_end finishing if
+		 * we are still holding the transaction as we can
+		 * release the last reference to io_end which may end
+		 * up doing unwritten extent conversion.
+		 */
+		if (handle) {
+			ext4_put_io_end_defer(mpd.io_submit.io_end);
+			ext4_journal_stop(handle);
+		} else
+			ext4_put_io_end(mpd.io_submit.io_end);
 
 		if (ret == -ENOSPC && sbi->s_journal) {
 			/*