storage: Write PreventStartupFile on Node SSTFile Corruption

Currently if a node faces sstable corruption, that node will crash and
try to automatically restart. Since it is likely that the node may crash
again, we would like to prevent the node from attempting to restart
itself. As a result, this pr created a `PreventStartupFile` when a node
experiences sstable corruption.

Fixes: cockroachdb#103899
Release-note: None

pkg/storage/pebble.go

@@ -1268,10 +1268,33 @@ func (p *Pebble) async(fn func()) {
 	}()
 }
 
+// writePreventStartupFile creates a file that will prevent nodes from automatically restarting after
+// experiencing sstable corruption.
+func (p *Pebble) writePreventStartupFile(ctx context.Context) {
+	auxDir := p.GetAuxiliaryDir()
+	_ = p.MkdirAll(auxDir, os.ModePerm)
+	path := base.PreventedStartupFile(auxDir)
+
+	preventStartupMsg := fmt.Sprintf(`ATTENTION:
+
+  this node is terminating because of sstable corruption. 
+  Please contact the CockroachDB support team. It is not necessarily safe
+  to replace this node; cluster data may still be at risk of corruption.
+
+  A file preventing this node from restarting was placed at:
+  %s
+  `, path)
+
+	if err := fs.WriteFile(p.unencryptedFS, path, []byte(preventStartupMsg)); err != nil {
+		log.Warningf(ctx, "%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (p *Pebble) makeMetricEtcEventListener(ctx context.Context) pebble.EventListener {
 	return pebble.EventListener{
 		BackgroundError: func(err error) {
 			if errors.Is(err, pebble.ErrCorruption) {
+				p.writePreventStartupFile(ctx)
 				log.Fatalf(ctx, "local corruption detected: %v", err)
 			}
 		},