gh-114314: Move types to ctypes_state

[vstinner]

Move types to the ctypes_state structure:

• PyCArray_Type
• PyCData_Type
• PyCFuncPtr_Type
• PyCPointer_Type
• Simple_Type

The following macros get an additional state parameter:

• ArrayObject_Check()
• CDataObject_Check()
• CDataObject_CheckExact()
• PointerObject_Check()
• PyCFuncPtrObject_Check()

The following function gets an additional state parameter:

• _PyCData_set()

• Issue: Convert _ctypes static types (and the "meta class") to heap types #114314

[vstinner]

This change only prepares the code to convert static types to heap types. It doesn't change the behavior.

It only moves references to types from global variables to the _ctypes state and pass the state to macros and functions using it.

[vstinner]

To keep this change as small as possible, I didn't change the following macros to add a new state parameter.

#define PyCSimpleTypeObject_CheckExact(v)       Py_IS_TYPE(v, GLOBAL_STATE()->PyCSimpleType_Type)
#define PyCSimpleTypeObject_Check(v)    PyObject_TypeCheck(v, GLOBAL_STATE()->PyCSimpleType_Type)
#define PyCArrayTypeObject_Check(v)     PyObject_TypeCheck(v, GLOBAL_STATE()->PyCArrayType_Type)
#define PyCPointerTypeObject_Check(v)   PyObject_TypeCheck(v, GLOBAL_STATE()->PyCPointerType_Type)
#define PyCFuncPtrTypeObject_Check(v)   PyObject_TypeCheck(v, GLOBAL_STATE()->PyCFuncPtrType_Type)
#define PyCStructTypeObject_Check(v)    PyObject_TypeCheck(v, GLOBAL_STATE()->PyCStructType_Type)

These macros can be changed afterwards.

[vstinner]

cc @encukou @erlend-aasland @neonene

[neonene]

PR #113857, which expects fewer follow-up PRs, can be closed after this is landed.

[vstinner]

I merged #113857 instead.