[3.12] gh-113358: Fix rendering tracebacks with exceptions with a broken __getattr__ (GH-113359)

[perrinjerome]

(cherry picked from commit 04fabe2)

Adjusted for 3.12, because exception printing also happens in C code.

• Issue: Exception with broken __getattr__ causes error rendering tracebacks #113358

[perrinjerome]

@iritkatriel this is for 3.12 ,is it better to use PyErr_GetRaisedException as mentionned on
https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/114118/files#r1455635968 or to keep the same code as for 3.11 ? This version uses the same code as 3.11

[bedevere-bot]

🤖 New build scheduled with the buildbot fleet by @iritkatriel for commit 3588252 🤖

If you want to schedule another build, you need to add the 🔨 test-with-refleak-buildbots label again.

[iritkatriel]

@iritkatriel this is for 3.12 ,is it better to use PyErr_GetRaisedException as mentionned on https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/114118/files#r1455635968 or to keep the same code as for 3.11 ? This version uses the same code as 3.11

We can leave it the same. Thanks.