gh-122623: Improve `c-api/bytearray.rst` with error handling info #121735

Job	Run time
Change detection / Compute changed files	9s
Windows MSI${{ '' }}	0s
Windows ${{ ((fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '(free-threading)') \|\| '') }}	0s
Check if generated files are up to date	0s
macOS ${{ ((fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '(free-threading)') \|\| '') }}	0s
Ubuntu ${{ ((fromJSON(matrix.free-threading) && '(free-threading)') \|\| '') }}	0s
Ubuntu SSL tests with OpenSSL	0s
WASI	0s
Address sanitizer	0s
Thread sanitizer	0s
Thread sanitizer (free-threading)	0s
CIFuzz	0s
Hypothesis tests on Ubuntu	0s
Docs / Doctest	16m 9s
Docs / Docs	1m 45s
Docs / Docs (Oldest Sphinx)	2m 1s
All required checks pass	4s
	20m 8s

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