Resolve param indices using param values, not parameterset index

src/_pytest/assertion/rewrite.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from pathlib import PurePath
 from typing import Callable
+from typing import DefaultDict
 from typing import Dict
 from typing import IO
 from typing import Iterable
@@ -668,9 +669,9 @@ def __init__(
         else:
             self.enable_assertion_pass_hook = False
         self.source = source
-        self.scope: tuple[ast.AST, ...] = ()
-        self.variables_overwrite: defaultdict[
-            tuple[ast.AST, ...], Dict[str, str]
+        self.scope: Tuple[ast.AST, ...] = ()
+        self.variables_overwrite: DefaultDict[
+            Tuple[ast.AST, ...], Dict[str, str]
         ] = defaultdict(dict)
 
     def run(self, mod: ast.Module) -> None:

src/_pytest/python.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
+from typing import cast
 from typing import Dict
 from typing import final
 from typing import Generator
@@ -1150,12 +1151,12 @@
         id: str,
         marks: Iterable[Union[Mark, MarkDecorator]],
         scope: Scope,
-        param_index: int,
+        param_indices: Tuple[int, ...],
     ) -> "CallSpec2":
         params = self.params.copy()
         indices = self.indices.copy()
         arg2scope = dict(self._arg2scope)
-        for arg, val in zip(argnames, valset):
+        for arg, val, param_index in zip(argnames, valset, param_indices):
             if arg in params:
                 raise ValueError(f"duplicate parametrization of {arg!r}")
             params[arg] = val
@@ -1184,7 +1185,55 @@
     return request.param
 
 
-# Used for storing pseudo fixturedefs for direct parametrization.
+def resolve_values_indices_in_parametersets(
+    argnames: Sequence[str],
+    parametersets: Sequence[ParameterSet],
+) -> List[Tuple[int, ...]]:
+    """Resolve indices of the values in parameter sets. The index of a value is determined by
+    where the value first appears in the existing values of the argname. For example, given
+    ``argnames`` and ``parametersets`` below, the result would be:
+    ::
+        argnames = ["A", "B", "C"]
+        parametersets = [("a1", "b1", "c1"), ("a1", "b2", "c1"), ("a1", "b3", "c2")]
+        result = [(0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 2, 1)]
+
+    result is used in reordering tests to keep items using the same fixture close together.
+
+    :param argnames:
+        Argument names passed to ``metafunc.parametrize()``.
+    :param parametersets:
+        The parameter sets, each containing a set of values corresponding
+        to ``argnames``.
+    :returns:
+        List of tuples of indices, each tuple for a parameter set.
+    """
+    indices = []
+    argname_value_indices_for_hashable_ones: Dict[str, Dict[object, int]] = defaultdict(
+        dict
+    )
+    argvalues_count: Dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+    for i, argname in enumerate(argnames):
+        argname_indices = []
+        for parameterset in parametersets:
+            value = parameterset.values[i]
+            try:
+                argname_indices.append(
+                    argname_value_indices_for_hashable_ones[argname][value]
+                )
+            except KeyError:  # New unique value
+                argname_value_indices_for_hashable_ones[argname][
+                    value
+                ] = argvalues_count[argname]
+                argname_indices.append(argvalues_count[argname])
+                argvalues_count[argname] += 1
+            except TypeError:  # `value` is not hashable
+                argname_indices.append(argvalues_count[argname])
+                argvalues_count[argname] += 1
+        indices.append(argname_indices)
+    return list(cast(Iterable[Tuple[int]], zip(*indices)))
+
+
+# Used for storing artificial fixturedefs for direct parametrization.
 name2pseudofixturedef_key = StashKey[Dict[str, FixtureDef[Any]]]()
 
 
@@ -1339,13 +1388,15 @@
         ids = self._resolve_parameter_set_ids(
             argnames, ids, parametersets, nodeid=self.definition.nodeid
         )
-
+        param_indices_list = resolve_values_indices_in_parametersets(
+            argnames, parametersets
+        )
         # Store used (possibly generated) ids with parametrize Marks.
         if _param_mark and _param_mark._param_ids_from and generated_ids is None:
             object.__setattr__(_param_mark._param_ids_from, "_param_ids_generated", ids)
 
         # Add funcargs as fixturedefs to fixtureinfo.arg2fixturedefs by registering
-        # artificial "pseudo" FixtureDef's so that later at test execution time we can
+        # artificial FixtureDef's so that later at test execution time we can
         # rely on a proper FixtureDef to exist for fixture setup.
         arg2fixturedefs = self._arg2fixturedefs
         node = None
@@ -1403,16 +1454,16 @@
         # of all calls.
         newcalls = []
         for callspec in self._calls or [CallSpec2()]:
-            for param_index, (param_id, param_set) in enumerate(
-                zip(ids, parametersets)
+            for param_id, param_set, param_indices in zip(
+                ids, parametersets, param_indices_list
             ):
                 newcallspec = callspec.setmulti(
                     argnames=argnames,
                     valset=param_set.values,
                     id=param_id,
                     marks=param_set.marks,
                     scope=scope_,
-                    param_index=param_index,
+                    param_indices=param_indices,
                 )
                 newcalls.append(newcallspec)
         self._calls = newcalls

testing/python/metafunc.py

@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@
 from _pytest import python
 from _pytest.compat import getfuncargnames
 from _pytest.compat import NOTSET
+from _pytest.mark import ParameterSet
 from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
 from _pytest.python import Function
 from _pytest.python import IdMaker
+from _pytest.python import resolve_values_indices_in_parametersets
 from _pytest.scope import Scope
 
 
@@ -984,6 +986,15 @@ def test_parametrize_twoargs(self) -> None:
         assert metafunc._calls[1].params == dict(x=3, y=4)
         assert metafunc._calls[1].id == "3-4"
 
+    def test_parametrize_with_duplicate_values(self) -> None:
+        metafunc = self.Metafunc(lambda x, y: None)
+        metafunc.parametrize(("x", "y"), [(1, 2), (3, 4), (1, 5), (2, 2)])
+        assert len(metafunc._calls) == 4
+        assert metafunc._calls[0].indices == dict(x=0, y=0)
+        assert metafunc._calls[1].indices == dict(x=1, y=1)
+        assert metafunc._calls[2].indices == dict(x=0, y=2)
+        assert metafunc._calls[3].indices == dict(x=2, y=0)
+
     def test_high_scoped_parametrize_reordering(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         pytester.makepyfile(
             """
@@ -1018,6 +1029,35 @@ def test3(arg1):
             ]
         )
 
+    def test_high_scoped_parametrize_with_duplicate_values_reordering(
+        self, pytester: Pytester
+    ) -> None:
+        pytester.makepyfile(
+            """
+            import pytest
+
+            @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+            def fixture1(request):
+                pass
+
+            @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+            def fixture2(request):
+                pass
+
+            @pytest.mark.parametrize("fixture1, fixture2", [("a", 0), ("b", 1), ("a", 2)], indirect=True)
+            def test(fixture1, fixture2):
+                pass
+        """
+        )
+        result = pytester.runpytest("--collect-only")
+        result.stdout.re_match_lines(
+            [
+                r"  <Function test\[a-0\]>",
+                r"  <Function test\[a-2\]>",
+                r"  <Function test\[b-1\]>",
+            ]
+        )
+
     def test_parametrize_multiple_times(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         pytester.makepyfile(
             """
@@ -1649,6 +1689,16 @@ def test_3(self, fixture):
             ]
         )
 
+    def test_resolve_values_indices_in_parametersets(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
+        indices = resolve_values_indices_in_parametersets(
+            ("a", "b"),
+            [
+                ParameterSet.extract_from((a, b))
+                for a, b in [(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), ([2], 4), ([2], 1)]
+            ],
+        )
+        assert indices == [(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0)]
+
 
 class TestMetafuncFunctionalAuto:
     """Tests related to automatically find out the correct scope for