Fix unneeded copies and SpriteList updates in physics engines (pyth…

…onarcade#2164)

* Set .position instead of seperate center_x and center_y

* Use itertools.chain instead of rebuilding lists

* Update helper annotations to use Iterable instead of list

* User itertools.chain to iterate over all obstacle SpriteLists instead of rebuilding lists

* Add non-exhausting ListChain abstraction

* Add ListChain in utils

* Use it instead of itertools.chain

* DRY physics engine list creation

* Create _add_to_list local helper

* Use it to add to created lists instead of repeated if logic

* Stop re-creating lists in physics engines

* Use .clear instead of overwiting lists

* Use _add_to_list in PhysicsEngineSimple

* Stop re-recreating the ListChain abstraction

* Add an _all_obstacles field to PhysicsEnginePlatformer holding a ListChain

* Use it when performing a jump or collision check instead of recreating a ListChain

* Clean up imports

* in physics engines

* in utils

* Document the components of ListChain

* Generalize ListChain[_T] to Chain[_T]

* Rename it

* Allow arbitrary sequences rather than only lists

* Update docstring

* Revert some commit noise in utils

* Run black formatter to make CI happy

arcade/physics_engines.py

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 __all__ = ["PhysicsEngineSimple", "PhysicsEnginePlatformer"]
 
-from arcade.utils import copy_dunders_unimplemented
+from arcade.utils import copy_dunders_unimplemented, Chain
 
 
-def _wiggle_until_free(colliding: Sprite, walls: list[SpriteList]) -> None:
+def _wiggle_until_free(colliding: Sprite, walls: Iterable[SpriteList]) -> None:
     """Kludge to 'guess' a colliding sprite out of a collision.
 
     It works by iterating over increasing wiggle sizes of 8 points
@@ -81,15 +81,14 @@ def _wiggle_until_free(colliding: Sprite, walls: list[SpriteList]) -> None:
 
 
 def _move_sprite(
-    moving_sprite: Sprite, walls: list[SpriteList[SpriteType]], ramp_up: bool
+    moving_sprite: Sprite, walls: Iterable[SpriteList[SpriteType]], ramp_up: bool
 ) -> list[SpriteType]:
 
     # See if we are starting this turn with a sprite already colliding with us.
     if len(check_for_collision_with_lists(moving_sprite, walls)) > 0:
         _wiggle_until_free(moving_sprite, walls)
 
-    original_x = moving_sprite.center_x
-    original_y = moving_sprite.center_y
+    original_x, original_y = moving_sprite.position
     original_angle = moving_sprite.angle
 
     # --- Rotate
@@ -113,8 +112,7 @@ def _move_sprite(
                 > max_distance
             ):
                 # Ok, glitched trying to rotate. Reset.
-                moving_sprite.center_x = original_x
-                moving_sprite.center_y = original_y
+                moving_sprite.position = original_x, original_y
                 moving_sprite.angle = original_angle
 
     # --- Move in the y direction
@@ -238,8 +236,9 @@ def _move_sprite(
                     ) % 2
 
         # print(cur_x_change * direction, cur_y_change)
-        moving_sprite.center_x = original_x + cur_x_change * direction
-        moving_sprite.center_y = almost_original_y + cur_y_change
+        moved_x = original_x + cur_x_change * direction
+        moved_y = almost_original_y + cur_y_change
+        moving_sprite.position = moved_x, moved_y
         # print(f"({moving_sprite.center_x}, {moving_sprite.center_y}) {cur_x_change * direction}, {cur_y_change}")
 
     # Add in rotating hit list
@@ -253,6 +252,15 @@ def _move_sprite(
     return complete_hit_list
 
 
+def _add_to_list(dest: list[SpriteList], source: Optional[SpriteList | Iterable[SpriteList]]):
+    if source is None:
+        return
+    elif isinstance(source, SpriteList):
+        dest.append(source)
+    else:
+        dest.extend(source)
+
+
 @copy_dunders_unimplemented
 class PhysicsEngineSimple:
     """
@@ -271,12 +279,10 @@ def __init__(
         walls: Optional[Union[SpriteList, Iterable[SpriteList]]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.player_sprite: Sprite = player_sprite
-        self._walls: list[SpriteList]
+        self._walls: list[SpriteList] = []
 
         if walls:
-            self._walls = [walls] if isinstance(walls, SpriteList) else list(walls)
-        else:
-            self._walls = []
+            _add_to_list(self._walls, walls)
 
     @property
     def walls(self):
@@ -285,13 +291,13 @@ def walls(self):
     @walls.setter
     def walls(self, walls: Optional[Union[SpriteList, Iterable[SpriteList]]] = None):
         if walls:
-            self._walls = [walls] if isinstance(walls, SpriteList) else list(walls)
+            _add_to_list(self._walls, walls)
         else:
-            self._walls = []
+            self._walls.clear()
 
     @walls.deleter
     def walls(self):
-        self._walls = []
+        self._walls.clear()
 
     def update(self):
         """
@@ -334,24 +340,15 @@ def __init__(
         ladders: Optional[Union[SpriteList, Iterable[SpriteList]]] = None,
         walls: Optional[Union[SpriteList, Iterable[SpriteList]]] = None,
     ) -> None:
-        self._ladders: Optional[list[SpriteList]]
-        self._platforms: list[SpriteList]
-        self._walls: list[SpriteList]
 
-        if ladders:
-            self._ladders = [ladders] if isinstance(ladders, SpriteList) else list(ladders)
-        else:
-            self._ladders = []
+        self._ladders: list[SpriteList] = []
+        self._platforms: list[SpriteList] = []
+        self._walls: list[SpriteList] = []
+        self._all_obstacles = Chain(self._walls, self._platforms)
 
-        if platforms:
-            self._platforms = [platforms] if isinstance(platforms, SpriteList) else list(platforms)
-        else:
-            self._platforms = []
-
-        if walls:
-            self._walls = [walls] if isinstance(walls, SpriteList) else list(walls)
-        else:
-            self._walls = []
+        _add_to_list(self._ladders, ladders)
+        _add_to_list(self._platforms, platforms)
+        _add_to_list(self._walls, walls)
 
         self.player_sprite: Sprite = player_sprite
         self.gravity_constant: float = gravity_constant
@@ -368,13 +365,13 @@ def ladders(self):
     @ladders.setter
     def ladders(self, ladders: Optional[Union[SpriteList, Iterable[SpriteList]]] = None):
         if ladders:
-            self._ladders = [ladders] if isinstance(ladders, SpriteList) else list(ladders)
+            _add_to_list(self._ladders, ladders)
         else:
-            self._ladders = []
+            self._ladders.clear()
 
     @ladders.deleter
     def ladders(self):
-        self._ladders = []
+        self._ladders.clear()
 
     @property
     def platforms(self):
@@ -384,9 +381,9 @@ def platforms(self):
     @platforms.setter
     def platforms(self, platforms: Optional[Union[SpriteList, Iterable[SpriteList]]] = None):
         if platforms:
-            self._platforms = [platforms] if isinstance(platforms, SpriteList) else list(platforms)
+            _add_to_list(self._platforms, platforms)
         else:
-            self._platforms = []
+            self._platforms.clear()
 
     @platforms.deleter
     def platforms(self):
@@ -400,13 +397,13 @@ def walls(self):
     @walls.setter
     def walls(self, walls: Optional[Union[SpriteList, Iterable[SpriteList]]] = None):
         if walls:
-            self._walls = [walls] if isinstance(walls, SpriteList) else list(walls)
+            _add_to_list(self._walls, walls)
         else:
-            self._walls = []
+            self._walls.clear()
 
     @walls.deleter
     def walls(self):
-        self._walls = []
+        self._walls.clear()
 
     def is_on_ladder(self) -> bool:
         """Return 'true' if the player is in contact with a sprite in the ladder list."""
@@ -430,7 +427,7 @@ def can_jump(self, y_distance: float = 5) -> bool:
         self.player_sprite.center_y -= y_distance
 
         # Check for wall hit
-        hit_list = check_for_collision_with_lists(self.player_sprite, self.walls + self.platforms)
+        hit_list = check_for_collision_with_lists(self.player_sprite, self._all_obstacles)
 
         self.player_sprite.center_y += y_distance
 
@@ -533,9 +530,7 @@ def update(self):
 
                     platform.center_y += platform.change_y
 
-        complete_hit_list = _move_sprite(
-            self.player_sprite, self.walls + self.platforms, ramp_up=True
-        )
+        complete_hit_list = _move_sprite(self.player_sprite, self._all_obstacles, ramp_up=True)
 
         # print(f"Spot Z ({self.player_sprite.center_x}, {self.player_sprite.center_y})")
         # Return list of encountered sprites

arcade/utils.py

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 import platform
 import sys
 import warnings
-from typing import Type, TypeVar
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import Type, TypeVar, Generator, Generic, Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 
 
@@ -112,8 +113,33 @@ def __init__(self, var_name: str, value: float) -> None:
         super().__init__(var_name, value, 0.0, 1.0)
 
 
+# Since this module forbids importing from the rest of
+# Arcade, we make our own local type variables.
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
 _TType = TypeVar('_TType', bound=Type)
 
+
+class Chain(Generic[_T]):
+    """A reusable OOP version of :py:class:`itertools.chain`.
+
+    In some cases (physics engines), we need to iterate over multiple
+    sequences of objects repeatedly. This class provides a way to do so
+    which:
+
+    * Is non-exhausting
+    * Avoids copying all items into one joined list
+
+    Arguments:
+        components: The sequences of items to join.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *components: Sequence[_T]):
+        self.components: list[Sequence[_T]] = list(components)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[_T, None, None]:
+        for item in chain.from_iterable(self.components):
+            yield item
+
+
 def copy_dunders_unimplemented(decorated_type: _TType) -> _TType:
     """Decorator stubs dunders raising :py:class:`NotImplementedError`.
 
@@ -161,6 +187,7 @@ def __deepcopy__(self, memo):  # noqa
 
     return decorated_type
 
+
 class PerformanceWarning(Warning):
     """Use this for issuing performance warnings."""
     pass