sql: fix FK check bug in ALTER COLUMN TYPE

This commit fixes an implementation bug when checking that the table's
foreign keys didn't hold a reference to the altered column.

Fixes cockroachdb#71089.

Release note (bug fix): fixes a bug which caused ALTER COLUMN TYPE
statements to fail when they shouldn't have.

pkg/sql/alter_column_type.go

@@ -203,9 +203,18 @@ func alterColumnTypeGeneral(
 	// Disallow ALTER COLUMN TYPE general for columns that have a foreign key
 	// constraint.
 	for _, fk := range tableDesc.AllActiveAndInactiveForeignKeys() {
-		for _, id := range append(fk.OriginColumnIDs, fk.ReferencedColumnIDs...) {
-			if col.GetID() == id {
-				return colWithConstraintNotSupportedErr
+		if fk.OriginTableID == tableDesc.GetID() {
+			for _, id := range fk.OriginColumnIDs {
+				if col.GetID() == id {
+					return colWithConstraintNotSupportedErr
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if fk.ReferencedTableID == tableDesc.GetID() {
+			for _, id := range fk.ReferencedColumnIDs {
+				if col.GetID() == id {
+					return colWithConstraintNotSupportedErr
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}

pkg/sql/logictest/testdata/logic_test/alter_column_type

@@ -556,3 +556,13 @@ INSERT INTO regression_54844 VALUES (-9223372036854775807)
 
 statement error integer out of range for type int2
 ALTER TABLE regression_54844 ALTER COLUMN i TYPE int2
+
+# Regression test for issue #71089
+subtest regression_71089
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE parent_71089 (id INT PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE child_71089 (a INT, b INT REFERENCES parent_71089 (id) NOT NULL)
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE child_71089 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE FLOAT;